The best option, to learn the Arabic language, is to start using this unique language that is the language of Islam.

For Muslims around the world, whether they are in Arab and non Arab countries, the Arabic language have a crucial role and influence on the way of thinking, behavior and lifestyle. Unfortunately, not all Muslims in non-Arab countries proficient in Arabic because of limited facilities and lack of habit to use Arabic in everyday life. In fact, the life of Muslims around the world is always related to the Arabic language such as, reading the holy Quran, praying, and more.

Lack of understanding of the Arabic language in non-Muslim countries became a vital task for Muslims aiming to revive the Arabic language in non-Muslim countries. The Arabic language can be regarded as the Islamic law throughout the Muslim world, which dominates the lives of Muslims at least in private. Deterioration of the use of Arabic in non-Arab countries more or less affect the personal lives of Muslims, especially young Muslims.

Added to the growing cultural influence, the current lack of education and teaching of the Arabic language in schools increasingly drown the use of Arabic. For that, it takes the role of religious leaders and parents to revive Arabic as a language of the Muslims, at least young people can read and understand conversational Arabic daily.

One of the best ways to make the government help, the religious leaders and parents in carrying the Arabic language to children, is by adding it in the curriculum of Muslim schools. By teaching Arabic in Muslim schools, it is expected to provide the basics of understanding Arabic to young Muslim.

The Arabic education in various Muslim schools is expected to bring positive change for young people to better understand the message of Islam, and the Quranic verses. This is an important reason for reviving the Arabic language in non-Muslim countries as the Arabic language is the language of Islam so it would be the basis of a correct understanding of Islam.

Arabic became the language unifying all members of the Muslim world and the language most often used in tandem with the rising population of Muslims. The Arabic language has a unique character in writing and pronunciation that distinguishes it from other languages in the world.

Application of the Arabic language in Muslim schools, and awareness of Muslims to understand and learn Arabic can be regarded as the starting point of the rise of the Arabic language. Expected from all Muslims to understand the teachings of Islam, along with the holy Quran and apply them in their daily lives to become role models for other religions.

Islam brought the mission of civilization and became a teacher of humanity and thus require a unifying language for all Muslims around the world which helps in bringing glory to Islam.

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The Holy book “Qur’an” is the main root of the Arabic culture owing to the Arab’s religious, social, and moral teaching. And to the reality that Qur’an is valid for every place and age, and can keep pace with the essentials and the new evolution of all centuries.

Sunnah is the second primal root of the Arab-Islamic culture. Just as, Muslims depend on Qur’an as it recalls their scientific, intellectual and civilization renascence, they also trust the Sunnah of their Prophet Muhammad. After they had recorded, compiled, and divided it into chapters, and later they had committed it in their technological efforts & their path of life.

The Arab-Islamic culture, which came originally from Qur’an and Sunnah, is a large-minded culture which prophesies coexistence, understanding and dialogue. Arabs are loyal, polite, and generous. Arabs have a full cultural heritage.  Only take a view at their contributions to literature, religion, philosophy, medicine, art, sciences and mathematics, and a few of which were created by non-Arabs inhabiting within the Islamic Kingdom.

Arabians are a clearly specified cultural group, and Arabians are extremities of the Arabic Nation “Al-Umma Al-Arabia”.  Often Arabs will not state which country they are from, and if inquired, reply with “I am an Arab inhabitant”. The Arab inhabitants have been defrauded by the westerns; an extremely obvious example is the Israeli aggression on Palestine.

Foreigners feel that sometimes Arabians are difficult to realize, and the way they act is confusing; however, their actions are quite apprehensive – even predictable. It is crucial, though, to differentiate between individual traits and cultural patterns. Trying to simulate the Western culture will demoralize the Arabs society. Arabians are misconceived by the Westerners. Basically, most of people in the western countries are anti-Muslim and anti-Arab.

Social commitment is of great importance in the Arab culture. Family is among the most fundamental pillars of the Arab society.  While individuality, self reliance, and responsibility are tutored by American guardians to their children, family commitment is the greatest moral taught in Arab families. Unlike the intense individualism,  we find in North America where many individuals live for themselves, their single rights, and families going their own distant from relatives, Arab society stresses the greatness of the group. Arabic culture teaches that the benefits of the group are more significant than the benefits of one man.

Westerners tend to trust in the ability of the individual, the equivalence in personal  abilities, and the right of maintaining certain forms of privacy and control over what goes around in the world.  This belief has a solid reflection on what the Westerners believe about the Earth and how they act towards one another.

The Arabic culture is hugely different from the Western culture. Though Judaism and Christianity are religions based upon disclosures handed down by Almighty, the despotism in adhesion to the messages which were sent to the West for more than 1000 years ago has step by step evolved due to cultural pressures and a higher knowledge of the universe. However, the truth carried in those religious textbooks is right because they correspond with our perspective of reality without any contradiction.

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The Arabic language has gained its significance owing to the reality that many university students from all over the world are under tempt of attaining cognition about this language as it is regarded as an advantageous learning experience for the westerns.

The Arabic language is considered an influential language in the area of business, journalism, finance and education as well as enriching your knowledge and your academic interests by learning the Arabic language. You may easily learn Arabic as it is exciting to get yourself familiar with at least a little information considering this language.

Arabic language stands to be the 5th most spoken language around the universe, and it also will be an issue of shame if you’re not familiar with any fundamental information regarding this rich language, and it’s significant to observe that the Arabic alphabets being the 2nd most practiced alphabets throughout the universe. The alphabet figures of this language are entirely different from many other languages, and phrases are read from right to left, just like Hebrew.

Owing to the large scale technology developments that took place, it’s now becoming quite easy to attain cognition about this especial language since there are numerous search engines and congenital sites that offer free internet courses in Arabic language; where students from all parts of the world cooperate, with one another and with experts, to gain information about the structure and some phrases of this especial language. You can also benefit frequently from textbooks, audio tapes, etc.

By seeking the facilities from such schemes, you can simply learn Arabic without any complications. If you’ve truly settled to acquire the Arabic language, then you’re supposed to choose any suitable program or course, which is full of adequate teaching methods to help you gain good control over this special type of languages.

Arabic languages assist you in realizing the significance of the Quran or the Muslims Holy Book. Quran is considered as a worth investment if you’re looking ahead to learn Arabic language, as it assists you to stay in tune with the highly cultural heritage of the Arab nation. The history of the Arabic language can be retraced back to the 6th century, which has a large influence over history, and intrinsically, with the passing of time, the Arabic language has gained its success rapidly.

Arabic is the official language of the countries placed in the Middle East, like Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordon, Iraq, Libya, etc.

In order to gain the right command over the pronunciation of this language, you’re supposed to learn the common sounds associated with this special language, which you may avail from the audio tapes. Some of the most usually used sounds by the Arabs are ‘kh’, ‘ja’, also internet courses can be an extreme help.

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What resulted to the Arabic language to being one of the major languages in the world is the fact that the religion of Islam also became the second major religion in the world. The Arabic language was a simple minor language used by the tribes who were nomads in the Arabian Peninsula with a very poor historical background. Allah sent prophet Muhammad saw to deliver the Islamic message to the world which was originally in the Arabic language. When the prophet died in the year 632 c.e, the Arabic language had become the main language in various parts of the world like Asia which led to the other languages to fade.

The second factor that made the language to be widely spread is when the Umayyad caliph decided to take it as the official language in relation to the business of the government. These transformations among the languages found in the Mediterranean basin area can be accepted by further identifying similarities with its predecessors as the main religious language of the region that is the Greek, Latin and Hebrew. When Christianity was growing during the second century, the Hebrew language was not spoken anymore as much as it preserved the Jewish religious tradition and never became a language of any empire. The language of Greek also ceased as much as it also preserved the scriptures of Christianity which is the New Testament writings.

Many scholars insist that the Arabic language originated from east Africa probably Somalia or Ethiopia whereby these countries are now dominated by Amharic and Arabic languages which are the new members of the Semitic languages. These two languages grew rapidly because it was adopted by so many people as their parent language as they migrated to other places. The speakers of Arabic language became dominant politically because in just a few hundred years, the Arabic linguistic had displaced its predecessors. The Aramaic, all southern languages and also the Hamitic language which was a descendant of Pharaonic Egyptian became dead as well.

Standard Arabic also known as the Fusha is the same linguistic that is used in the Arab world today whereby it was as well used in the early 600s in the revelation of the holy Quran. The Aramaic language was almost identical to Arabic since its syntax and vocabulary matched the classical form of the Arabic language. All the Semitic languages depend on verbs that are made up of three consonants whereby elements of other languages were established to construct word patterns.

There are like fifteen word patterns in Arabic language but five of them are not used. One of the ten patterns is the Form IX which applies to verbs only and expressing colors or even defects. It is very important that speakers of Arabic language to familiarize themselves with pronunciation of consonants like ch,p,g as well as a variety of vowels because the Arabic language has only six vowels if the speakers want to study English. They should also remember that placing verbs in Arabic language is completely different from English.

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Typical food lover Die Hard cricket fan specially Pakistan Cricket Team. Hipster-friendly twitter guru. Music ninja. Freelance writer.

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In this Episode, Chris and Caitlin speak with Walaa about the basics of the Arabic Language. Not a language instructional podcast, they talk about the history of Arabic, the importance of Modern Standard Arabic, as well as some basic differences in sounds.

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There are many ways of learning Arabic but one of the easiest ways that people tend to do to learn the Arabic vocabulary is to use pictures with the Arabic words written underneath or above the picture on a flashcard or piece of paper. But this is might not help you if you do not have a little knowledge of the Arabic alphabet. Once you start take lessons for beginners in the language, you will start to use very wide amount of the basic vocabulary.

By seeing the pictures, you will be able to match the word with the picture therefore making it easier for your brain to recall. This allows your brain to translate the word into your own language in your own mind. You can also use a computer or anything electronic to create your own lists based on these images which you can look back to at any time. An addition to seeing the images associated with the Arabic language vocabulary, you also need to know the pronunciation of these words. If you attend an actual practical class in your local are, the tutor will or should help you with the pronunciation of the Arabic vocabulary.

This help can be given or requested when you use certain software or take an online course in Arabic when you choose a course that has a listening component. In lots of these courses, you can click on the image to hear the word or phrase spoken by a native Arabic speaker. This is very essential and needed, to learn the vocabulary of the Arabic language because it isn’t good enough or formal, just to be able to read the word. You must be able to pronounce the word and understand it when you hear people talking in Arabic. Playing games with vocabulary questions or clips will also help you learn the words much faster than if you memorize them as the brain assigns memorable fun with words

Playing games, such as a memory or matching game, you will have fun and learn at the same time, this allows the brain to have maximum exposure to learning. You may not even notice or realize how much you are actually learning until you play the same game again and you know most of the vocabulary words. Learning through songs is also an enjoyable method of learning vocabulary in Arabic; this creates patterns so the brain stores information easier. There is an alphabet song such as the English ABC that will help you learn the alphabet as well as short rhymes and songs that children sing. The tunes have catchy rhythms, which makes them easy to remember. Never try to rush learning the vocabulary or you will get worked out and not know the basics.

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There are many Benefits of Learning Arabic language and you need to take time to find out some of the different ways, that you will use to grasp it well. There is the need to take time in mastering the language and this means trying out different ways and means that you will end up mastering it. Gone are the days when this language was spoken only in the Arabic nations or the people who were Muslims. This is initially considered a very holy language in the Islamic faith and this is the reason why not many people were actually speaking it.

When the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was spreading the gospel, he used this language and it came to be the official language that every Muslim would use to read the Quran and in the mosque. This was considered a very holy language and one was not meant to use it when arguing with another person.

According to the Islamic religion, one gets immense Benefits of Learning Arabic. Some of the benefits include communication easily with other faithful when spreading the gospel, having a deeper understanding when you want to read the Quran and you do not need anyone to interpret it for you, and the ability to teach other people the language.

However, this has soon changed and it is not spread all over the globe and some people use it to interact with other people on the social and business front. This has opened up good interactions with different people who speak this language and it has proven to be one of the factors that has enabled the Islamic religion to grow rapidly all over the globe.

Some of the Benefits of Learning Arabic includes saving costs since there are various ways in which you can get to learn this language and some of the ways include using the online channel, friends are going to the mosque. If you are interested in the Islamic religion, you will end up getting a deeper understanding of the message since you get to know more on the history and teachings of Islam as you go through the Quran.

However, there many some challenges that you will face when you want to learn the Arabic language and one of them is the pronunciation accent. It has a very deep accent and it gets hard to pronounce some of the words especially if you are used to English, French or Spanish. However, you have the opportunity to keep on practicing the language with time and you will end up getting the fulfilling results.

The Arabic writing are very different from English and this means one needs to master the different symbols used and the manner of reading which is very different. With proper coaching, determination and the desire to learn Arabic, you will find it easy to master the alphabet well. The Benefits of Learning Arabic has enabled many people to interact with others on the business front, religious aspect and for social activities. The world is turning global and linguistics has played a major role in connecting people together to have one common understanding.

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Learning and speaking Arabic as a native speaker isn’t a talent. It isn’t limited to specific person rather than it’s a goal that everyone can achieve it by easy ways.

Decision-making.

First of all, you can’t learn anything while you won’t learn it or you don’t love it. If not, that will be just wasting time. It’s important to determine your goals and motives. Why do you want to learn a language first? Why do you want to learn Arabic specifically? Also, ask yourself. Do you want to learn by self-education? Or by teamwork? What are the resources you learn from? And how much time will you spend in learning? Do you want to master Arabic in six months or eight months? How many hours are you free in your normal day? Three hours or four hours? Before you answer all these questions, don’t try to start learning and tire yourself out.

Look at this simple table as an example of planning importance. After you get a schedule like this, you can start learning Arabic.

Saturday	I’m free from 3:00 pm until 5:00 pm
Sunday	I’m free from 3:00 pm until 5:00 pm
Monday	I’m free from 3:55 pm until 4:30 pm
Tuesday	I’m free from 3:55 pm until 4:30 pm
Wednesday	I’m free from 3:00 pm until 5:00 pm
Thursday	I’m free from 7:00 pm until 11:00 pm
Friday	I’m free from 7:30 pm until 9:15 pm

The First Week	I’ll study 10 words.
The Second Week	I’ll study letters and Al-Tashkeel system.
The Third Week	I’ll study 25 sentences.
The Forth Week	I’ll study 25 sentences.
The Fifth Week	I’ll study three grammatical rules.
…

From where do I start?

Usually, people make mistake in learning language by studying letters first, some words then going to grammar quickly. That’s a big mistake. Earlier than start learning letters, numbers, words, sentences and grammars, you have to make your eyes and you ears get used to the new language (Arabic language). As an example, look to and scrutiny Arabic texts before you start learning Arabic letters. So your eyes are getting used to Arabic texts instead of feeling tired from the first learning to letters or finding Arabic letters difficult. For instance, memorize five words and their writing way before you identify what Arabic letters are. Like (مرحبا, صباح الخير, مساء الخير, وداعا, حظ جيد). That makes you unconfused and comfortable. Cause you got your experience before in an easy way. As well, listen to Arabic programs/ radio even you don’t know what they’re saying to practice your ears. Otherwise, memorize five words and their meanings then try to pronounce them well. Say it to your friends in your normal life. So, when you start learning grammars, writing way or pronouncing way, you won’t feel puzzled.

Try to write these words and pronounce them ahead of starting learning anything else.

Hello.	مرحبا.
How are you?	كيف حالك؟
I’m fine.	أنا بخير.
What do you do?	ماذا تفعل؟
To another meeting/ good bye.	إلى اللقاء.

Instead of this, you can choose your own words too.

Which is more important than another?

Until now, you’re taking the right steps. However, what must you do in the next step? Study Arabic alphabet and all what is relate to it like reading.  Also, you have to learn Al-Tashkeel system that’s helping you in reading and pronouncing words because learning letters only in Arabic doesn’t help so much in the pronunciation. Following that, build your vocabulary and grammar to be able to make your own sentences. In addition, to gather between learning vocabulary and learning grammars, you can learn sentences not individual words or grammars. Memorize words that are mentioned in the sentences and study how the words are linked to each other in one sentence and to hit two birds by one stone.

At first, Study about 50 – 100 sentences then it’s the time study grammar individually and words individually. In that time you won’t find learning grammar individually difficult. Learning sentences at first is important because when you don’t have vocabulary, you can’t carry out the grammar rule and when you don’t have grammatical rules, you can’t gather words together in one sentence. That’s why studying sentences first then grammars and vocabulary in an individual way is the right step. Nevertheless, while studying grammar and vocabulary, don’t forget to improve your reading and listening skills. They’re strengthening your grammars and vocabulary together.

What if I fail?

What if you find yourself can’t understand a grammatical rule? Or you start feeling it is difficult? So that time, you should take a rest and revise all what you studied before only and in deep. Learning deeply makes things easier to understand. That’s why revising it’s important. Condense free reading time and free listening time three times. Subsequently, return to what you didn’t understand again. You’ll find it easier. Otherwise, if you still can’t understand it, this is the time to get a teacher. Make a teacher explain it to you and answer all your questions. Cause you can’t stop until you master Arabic as you planned.

Learning Arabic resources.

Letters learning resources:

http://www.abjad.com/

Sentences learning resources:

http://www.laflwsp.com/EViewer.aspx?id=Phrases,%20Phrases,%20Phrases

Vocabulary learning resources:

http://arabic.desert-sky.net/vocab.html

http://www.laflwsp.com/EViewer.aspx?id=In%20The%20House

Grammar learning resources:

http://www.laflwsp.com

Build your reading skills:

http://www.laflwsp.com/EViewer.aspx?id=Collection%20of%20Short%20Paragraphs

Where you can find a teacher (to get explanations and an answered questions):

Send all your questions about Arabic language to Admin@laflwsp.com to get answers already.

At the end, you’re the only one who can decide if you will speak Arabic or not. And you only when you can do this. Remember, focus in studying sentences at first and learn deeply to get best results. Follow this plan to get the desired results. In next you’ll receive more ideas in learning Arabic.

Safofoh

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লক্ষণীয় যে, আরবী একটি প্রাচীনতম ভাষা। এ ভাষা সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ ও সর্বশেষ নবীর মাতৃবাষা। তবে আরবের কুরাইশের ভাষা ছিল বিশুদ্ধ আরবী ভাষা। তখন সব অঞ্চলের লোকেরা মক্কার ভাষার সঙ্গে প্রত্যক্ষ পরিচয় লাভ করে। বিভিন্ন গোত্রের ভাষাগত ব্যবধান কমতে থাকে। অবশেষে সকল আরবের মাঝে একটি সুদৃঢ় ঐক্য দেখা। ঠিক ঐ সময় আল্লাহ জাহেলী যুগের সকল অত্যাচার ু অনাচার রহিত করতে নাযিল করে বিশ্ববাসীকে জানিয়ে দেন : আল্লাহ শান্তির আবাসের দিকে ডাকছেন। (ইউনুস : ২৫)
যারা ছিল পরষ্পর শত্রু, কুরআন নাযিলের পর তারা হয়ে গেল মুসলিম ভাই ভাই।
তোমাদের প্রতি আল্লাহর রহমত রয়েছে। তা তোমরা স্মরণ কর। তোমরা পরষ্পর শত্রু ছিলে, অতপর তিনি তোমাদের অন্তরে ভালবাসা সৃষ্টি করেছেন। ফলে তোমরা আল্লাহর অনুগ্রহে পরষ্পর ভাই হয়ে গিয়েছ।

আল-কুরআনুল কারীম ও হাদীসের মর্মার্থ উপলব্ধি করতে হলে আরবী ভাষা শিক্ষা করা আবশ্যক। অর্থাৎ কুরআন ও হাদীসের গুঢ় রহস্য উদঘাটন করতে শেখা আরবী জ্ঞান ব্যতিরেকে সম্ভব নয়। এ জন্যই তো আরবী ভাষা শিক্ষা করা অবশ্য কর্তব্য। মহান আল্লাহ বলেন_ ”নিশ্চয়ই আমি মহাগ্রন্থ আল-কুরআন আরবী ভাষায় নাযিল করেছি। ইহা এ জন্য যে, তোমাদের উপলব্ধি করতে সহজ হবে।” (সূরা ইউসুফ ঃ ২)

অনুরূপ ভাবে সূরা আন-নাহলে আল্ল্লাহ পাক ইরশাদ করেন- ”যার দিকে তারা ইঙ্গিত করে তার ভাষা তো আরবী নয় পক্ষান্তরে এ কুরআন হল পরিস্কার আরবী ভাষায়।” কুরআনে কারীম এবং তার সাথে সম্পৃক্ত বিষয়াবলী সম্পর্কে পবিত্র হাদীসেও গুরুত্বারোপ করা হয়েছে। সুস্পষ্ট নির্দেশ সূচক শব্দ ব্যবহার পূর্বক নবী (সঃ) নির্দেশ করেন- তোমরা মানুষদেরকে ডাকো এবং তাদের মধ্যে মীমাংসা করে দাও এবং সঙ্গে সঙ্গে তাদেরকে দ্বীনের ভাষা, ইসলামের ভাষা, সভ্যতার ভাষা, প্রগতির ভাষা এবং পরস্পর সম্পর্ক সমুন্নত রাখার ভাষাও শিক্ষা দাও অর্থাৎ বিশ্বনন্দিত আরবী ভাষা শিক্ষা করার ব্যাপারেও নির্দেশ প্রদান কর। এ জন্যই নবী (সঃ) বলেছেন যে, তোমরা আরবী ভাষা নিজেরা শিক্ষা কর এবং অন্যদেরকেও শিক্ষা দাও।

জীবনের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অধ্যায়ের কোন জটিল বিষয়ের সমাধান প্রদানে বিশ্বের সকল মনগড়া মতবাদসহ সমসাময়িক বুদ্ধিজীবি মহল যুক্তি দিতে দিতে বুদ্ধির পরিধি শেষ হয়ে যখন অথর্বতা ও নীরবতায় পরিচয় দেয়, ঠিক মহাগ্রন্থ আল কুরআন সে জটিল বিষয়টিরও সর্বোন্নত ও পরিপূর্ণ সমাধান প্রদান করে অনায়াসেই। এ জন্যই তো ইচ্ছায় হোক আর অনিচ্ছায় হোক, যে কোন সময়ে, যে কোন মুহুর্তে সে গ্রন্থের প্রতি মনোনিবেশ করা মানুষের জন্য অবশ্য কর্তব্য। বিশ্বনবী হযরত মুহাম্মদ (সঃ) নিজেই ছিলেন একজন আরবী। তাঁর ভাষা হল আরবী। সমস্ত হাদীস গ্রন্থগুলো আরবী। প্রসিদ্ধ হাদীস গ্রন্থসমূহ যেমন- বুখারী, মুসলিম, সুনানে আবি দাউদ, তিরমিযী, সুনানে নাসাঈ, ইবনে মাজাহসহ দ্বীন ইসলাম শিক্ষার সকল মৌলিক গ্রন্থগুলোই আরবী ভাষায় সংকলিত হয়েছে। এ জন্য কুরআন ও হাদীস নিয়ে গবেষণা করতে গেলেই আরবী ভাষা শিক্ষা করা ছাড়া উপায় নেই।
কুরআনে কারীম অবতারণার ভাষা হল আরবী। আরবী ভাষার মধ্যে এটা কোন সাধারণ আরবী নয়। অতি উঁচু ভাষার লালিত্যে এর ব্যঞ্জ দ্যোতনা সত্যিই অসাধারণ। যার অলংকারিক সংযোজন, চমৎকার কারুকাজ, শৈল্পিক শব্দবিন্যাস, সুনিপুণ বক্তব্য, জাদুময় উপস্থাপনা, নান্দনিকতার অপরূপ সত্যিই সাফল্যময় ও শোভামন্ডিত। বিজ্ঞানময় পবিত্র কুরআনের চ্যালেঞ্জের মোকাবেলায় কে আছে এর ছেয়ে সুবাগ্মী? যে গতিময় বক্তব্য উপস্থাপন করে কুরআনের ভাষার শব্দ কাঠামো ও বক্তব্যের সমান্তরাল অবস্থানে গিয়ে সামান্যতম প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা করতে পারে? কুরআনের ভাষা আরবী। এই আরবী ভাষার বিকল্প নেই। তাই যারা কুরআন ও হাদীসকে অনুধাবন করতে চায় তাদের জন্য আরবী ভাষা শিক্ষা করা অপরিহার্য কর্তব্য।

সারকথা, আরবী বর্ণ, শব্দ, বাক্য, ব্যাকরণ, অলংকার, কথোপকথন, অনুবাদ ইত্যাদি শিক্ষা করলে কুরআন পাঠ করা এবং তার অর্থ অনুধাবন করা সহজ হয়।

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Ang banal na Al-kuran ay ang pangunahing ugat ng kulturang Arabic na pinagkakautangan ng relihiyong Arabic, panlipunang pagtuturo at mabuting asal, at sa katotohanang ito ay angkop sa kahit saang lugar at kahit anong edad, at maaring magsagawa ng mga hakbang na kinakailangan para sa unti-unting pag-unlad ng bawat makalumang pamamaraan. Ang Sunnah ang pangalawang pangunahing ugat ng kulturang Arab-Islamic. Katulad ng pagtitiwala nila sa Al-kuran at ang pag-alala sa kanilang makaagham, katalinuhan at pagkabuhay ng kaunlaran sa kasalukuyan, ang mga Muslim rin ay naniniwala sa kanilang mga propetang Sunnah, matapos nilang itala, itipon at hatiin sa bawat kabanata at kinalaunan ginawa nila ito gamit ang kanilang teknolohikal na pagsisikap at landas ng buhay. Ang kulturang Arab-Islamic, na kung saan orihinal na hango sa Al-kuran at Sunnah, ay isang malawakang pang-unawa sa kultura na kung saan ang mga propisiya ay kapwa umiiral, pagkakaunawaan at pagpapahiwatig ng kanilang saloobin.

Ang mga Arab ay tapat, magalang, at mapagbigay. Ang mga Arab rin ay buong-buo ang pamanang kultura. Pagmasdan ang kanilang naiambag sa panitikan, relihiyon, pilosopiya, medisina, sining, agham at matimatika (ilan-ilan dito ay gawa ng non-Arab na naninirahan sa kaharian ng Islam). Ang mga Arabyan ay ang malinaw na tinutukoy na pangkat ng mga nagpapairal ng maayos na kultura, at ang mga Arabyan ang pinakamataas sa lahat ng mga bansang Arabic “AL-Arabiyya Al-Umma”. (Kadalasan ang mga Arab ay hindi ipinapahayag kung saang bansa sila nanggaling, at kung may nagtanong, sasagutin ito nang ” Ako ang mananahan ng Arab.”) Ang mga naninirahan sa Arab ay dinaraya ng mga taga kanluran. Makikitang halimbawa ay: Ang mga hanapbuhay ng mga Israelita ng palistine. Para pasiglahin ang kultura ng mga kanluranin, kailangang alisin ang moralidad ng lipunan ng mga Arab. Mali rin ang pagkilala ng mga Kanluranin sa mga Arabyan. Halos lahat ng mga tao sa kanluran ay kontra o hindi pabor sa mga Muslim at Arab.

Nararamdaman ng mga dayuhan na paminsan-minsan ang mga Arabyan ay mahirap intindihin, at ang estilo na kanilang ikinikilos ay magulo; gayunman, ang kanilang gawain ay medyo nauunawaan-at mahuhulaan. Ito ay mahalaga, bagaman, kailangan ihambing ang indibidwal na pag-uugali at huwaran ng kultura.

Ang panlipunang gawain ay nasa dakilang karangalan sa kulturang Arabic. Pamilya ang pinakamahalaga sa lahat ng anggulo ng kanilang lipunan. Samantala ang pagkatao ng bawat isa, patitiwala sa sarili, at ang tugkulin ay ibinahari at tinuro ng mga Amerikanong tagapangalaga ng kanilang anak, ang tungkulin sa pamilya ang pinakadakilang asal na itinuro ng mga pamilyang Arabic. ” Hindi katulad ng masidhing gawain ng bawat isa nahanap namin sa hilagang Amerika (lahat ng tao para sa kanilang sarili, karapatan ng bawat isa, ang mga pamilya ay pupunta malayo sa kanilang kamag-anak, sa kasalukuyan). Ang lipunan ng mga Arab ay nagbigay-diin sa karangal ng kanilang pangkat. Ang kulturang Arabic ay natuto na ang hihilingin sa bawat pangkat ay mahalaga kaysa sa hihilingin sa bawat isang tao.

Ang mga kanluranin ay dumako sa pagtitiwala sa kakayahan ng bawat isa, pantay-pantay sa sariling maanyong talumpati at pampublikong batas, karapatang manirahan sa tiyak na anyo ng pribadong pamumuhay, at ang mga tao ang may kapangyarihan kontrolin ang kung anumang dumaan sa buong mundo. Ang paniniwala ay may matatag na katangian sa kung anong pinaniniwalaan ng mga taga kanluran tungkol sa mundo at kung pano sila kumilos tungo sa bawat isa.

Ang kulturang Arabic ay ibang-iba sa kulturang kanluranin. Kahit na ang judismo at kristiyanismo ay mga relihiyong batay sa kapalarang hawak ng puongmaykapal, ang tungkulin na pinanghahawakan sa “buong mundo” kung saan dinala patungo sa kanluran isanglibong taon na ang nakalipas ay unti-unting nagbago dahil sa malaking kaalaman ng buong kalawakan tungkol sa atin. Ito’y nangangahulugang na ang katotohanan ay dinala sa pamamagitan ng mga aklat ukol sa relihiyon na makikita nating tama dahil sila ay katulad o hango sa ating kasunduan sa kalikasan at hindi katulad ng ibang estilo sa paligid.

http://muslim-academy.com/arabic-culture-and-the-holy-quran/

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Ang Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) ay ang pinakabagong anyo ng lengwaheng Arabic, na syang ginagamit sa pagsusulat at pormal na okasyon. Ito ay hanggo sa sinaaunang Arabic, ngunit maraming pagkakaiba sa dalawang anyo. Maraming bagay ang napagbuti sa pamamaraan ng Arabic, lalo na sa larangan ng talasalitaan. Ngunit ang katotohanan din ay nariyan na kung saan ang  dalawang anyo ay may parehong lengwahe, halimbawa ay Arabic, sa gayun marami silang pagkakatulad kaysa pagbabago. Lahat ng pagbabago sa Arabic ay isinangguni ng mga Arab bilang al-lugha al-arabiyya al-fuS-Ha o katulad ng al-fuS-Ha or fus-Ha.

Ang MSA ay ginagamit ngayon sa lahat ng pampamahalaan at opisyal na pagpupulong at liham o pag-uusap, na kung saan ang lengwaheng Arabic ang pangkaraniwang ginagamit sa araw-araw na pamumuhay ng mga Arab. Ang pangkaraniwang lengwaheng ginagamit nila ay kalimitang iba sa MSA at hindi rin katulad sa ibang bansa. Ang pambansang lengwahe ng halos lahat ng bansang Arab ay binubuo ng maraming lokal na wika na maaring higit o may kaunting pagkakaiba sa MSA.

Subalit, sa panahon ngayon ang puwang sa pagitan ng pamantayan sa pagsulat at pagsasalita ng wikain ay tila unti-unting nababawasan sa paglipas ng panahon. Sa ngayon walang mahigpit na paghihiwalay sa pagitan ng pagsulat at pagsasalita ng Arabic, sa totoo lang sa ngayon ang sinaunang anyo ng parehong pamantayan ay ginagamit. Pinagsama ng mga Arab ang pangkaraniwang wika at anyo ng pagsulat na nakasalalay sa katayuan at ang nilalaman ng usapan o liham.

Kalimitan ang ang ordinaryong paraan ng pagsasalita ng Arabic ay hindi ginagamit sa pagsusulat sa halip ginagamit nila ang MSA. Ang pangkaraniwang wikang Arabic ay ginagamit lamang sa pahayagan, sa pakikipanayam, aklat o nobela at sa kanilang programa sa telebesyon. Ngunit ang pangunahing tanong dito ay tungkol sa kung ano ba dapat ang kailangan mong matutunan? Pangkaraniwang Wika o MSA?

Madali lamang ang sagot sa tanong na ito. Tulad ng pagkatuto mo sa ibang mga lengwahe kahit hindi mo matutunan ang ugat ng lengwaheng iyon mararamdaman mong hindi mo kayang unawain ang makabagong lengwahe, maraming pagbabago na ang ginawa sa Ingles, mayroon nang iba’t-ibang uri ng diin o punto at talasalitaang salita ganun din ang pagbigkas ng mga ito ay nagkakaiba-iba sa lahat ng bansa, kaya naman kahit matuto ka ng wikang Ingles ay walang halaga kung hindi mo natutunan ang orihinal na anyo nito. Gayundin, matututo ka lamang ng MSA kung mayroon kang kunting nalalaman sa wikang Arabic. Mahirap matutunan ang wikang Arabic at ito ay magbibigay sayo ng sakit ng ulo sa pakikipag-usap sa bawat Arab na iyong makakasalamuha.

Dahil sa ang MSA ay mahalaga bilang malaking lengwahe at dahil na rin sa kanyang gamit sa medya at edukasyon, halos lahat ng Arab ay alam na at ginagamit na ito. Kapag natutuhan mo na ang MSA ay hindi na mahirap sayo na maunawaan ang mga tao na nasa mundo ng mga Arab o sa rehiyon na gumagamit ng wikang Arabic. Ngunit mayroon pa ring mga iilang Arab ang hindi alam ang MSA dahil nahihirapan silang kausapin ka gamit ang MSA, at sa halip ang kanilang pangkaraniwang wika ang kanilang ginagmit. Iyan ang usapin sa ngayon na kung saan isa sa isangdaan Arab ang walang alam sa MSA.

Sa aking palagay, kailangan mong matutunan ang MSA at ang pangkaraniwang wika o kahit isang wika lang nang sa gayun di ka maharap sa suliranin na may kinalaman sa wikang Arabic.

(Can be read in English at http://muslim-academy.com/modern-standard-arabic/)

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Arab Culture is one of the most ancient cultures currently existing in the world. The Arab countries situated in North Africa to Western Asia are the ones where this culture is practiced. The art, food, literature, language, architecture, spirituality and philosophy of the Arab world are representative of the rich Arab culture. This old culture is a reformed version of the most civilized group pf human beings originating in Iraq, the land where agricultural activities were first introduced.

Language:

Arabic language is the sixth language spoken in the Arab countries and although the same language is spoken all over, the dialects of the language vary throughout the countries. Since all the Islamic documents and the holy book Quran is written in this language, this language is also widely practiced all over the Muslim world. This language is a part of the cultural heritage in these countries and also the Muslim world.

Arabic Literature:

Arab literature is a polite, gentle form of written expressions by the Arab people. The trend of the current Arab literature basically emerged in the 6th century and before that, not a lot of written literature can be found in the Arab land. The holy book of Al Quran from the 7th century has the greatest effect on all over Arabic literature and also Arab culture. One of the most popular literature piece from Arab literature is ‘1001 Arab Nights’ that had proclaimed world fame in the later years. There are many famous poets and novelists in Arab literature who are well known in the history of world literature because of their writing strength and grasp of imaginative creativity.

Another famous piece of Arabic literature is Mu’allaqat (المعلقات) which is basically the name of a series of seven qasisda (poem in Arabic language)that was written before the Islamic reign. The word Mu’allaqat refers basically to hanging poems and this name was given as they were hung in the wall of Mecca’s Kaaba sharif, the well regarded place for the Muslim and many other religions in the Arab world.

Currently, the cultural form is Arab lands is greatly impacted by Islam and the culture of Arab basically represents the culture of the whole Muslim world. The lifestyles defined by the Holy Quran and other regulations set by Islam governs the cultural formation and the lifestyles of the Arab people across the Arab countries. Since alcohol is strictly prohibited in Islam and also the forms of entertainment that includes of revelation of women, these practices are not allowed in contemporary Arab culture. Although Arabian women are allowed to study and educate themselves, in many Arab countries where Islam is strictly followed Women are not free to move without the allowed male companions. In the recent years, many Arab countries, especially Qatar and United Arab Emirates being the communication point between the West, East and also the Arab countries, the culture have taken a diverse direction. However, Islam is still a core to all Arab culture enhancing polite yet firm attitude towards the Arabian life style.

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The History of Arabic Language goes a long way in time when the holy prophet (PBUH) was on earth and although it was not a major tribe then, it was used in the Quran. This is the same language used now it this is a simplified version and some of it is as a result of trade, migration and mixing up with other cultures, this has made it one of the global languages all over the world but it is now more easier to understand it. The Arabic language borrows heavily some of the words from the Swahili, Amharic, and Morocco language and this has made the people of these areas to identify with it well. This is one of the reasons, why one needs to find out more on the culture, and the language.

One of the channels of learning the History of Arabic Language is going to school either when young or aged. This plays an important role in enabling the children and grownups to have a deeper understanding of how trade played a major role and Islam participated in the spread of the religion, and how it formed currently. This is not only ideal for people who learn the Arabic language but all those people who desire to find out more on the history of the people. This is available all over the world and one will end up finding that all the languages connect one way or the other.

Another way to find out on the History of Arabic Language is through the online channel and this will enable one to compare the different sources and end up with appealing results. This makes one informed and able to participate in different online forums to contribute their knowledge. The online world is the global village and very easy for one to gather the information they need. From this source, you have the ability to find out some notes from scholars, who have gone back in time to know more on the history of the language and the way it was formed. Some go back in time before the holy prophet (PBUH) and others claim that the religion of Islam was the one that enabled it to spread all over the globe.

Learning the History of Arabic Language is easy when one gets to understand more on linguistics. This is the science on the formation of the different languages and how they are connected to each other. Many years ago, the Arabic language was not dominant and it had a very deep accent compare to what it is currently. When the spread of Islam started, the Arabs started using this language and it became mixed with other languages as they were spreading the gospel. This has resulted to what it is now and it is heavily borrowed from Swahili, Amharic, Urdu, and Persian. Some of the symbols from the way of writing come from the Amharic and Chinese ways of writing. This is what brought about the sixth famous language in the world.

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When one wants to find out more on the History of Arabic Language, they need to start with knowing the culture of the people, and, what they love to associate with. Over the years, linguistic has become part and parcel of our daily lives and this is one of the ways in which one will gather the confidence to learn more about the religion, history and the culture of the people. All over the globe, there is the presence of the Arabic language and this is mostly associated with the Islamic language. Those who are Muslims need to know this language and they will end up interpreting the Quran. They end up understanding it more and better and this will make it easier for them to associate with the people who know it.

The Arabic language is also very common these days and there are several schools, that do teach in Arabic language even though they are not located in the Middle East area or the Arabic nations. This is to promote the global trade, which makes it necessary for people to know different languages and this will make them communicate well. In the process of learning the language, they end up knowing more on the History of Arabic Language. This is one of the easiest ways to gather knowledge, since you get to interact with the teachers and have a deeper understanding on the formation of the Arabic language.

With the predominant being in the Arab nations, the language actually came because of trade. The Arabs used to migrate in different areas and mostly in Africa and they used to settle in the coastal areas. In order to interact with the people, they will end up using some of their words and they came to be formed into the Arabic language. Some of the words are from the Swahili people in the coastal areas of eastern Africa and some are from the Amharic language from Ethiopia. Other countries, which also contributed to the formation of the Arabic language, include Egypt and Morocco. As the traders were shifting from one place to the other, they also spread the Islamic religion and taught people how to read and write it. In a matter of time, the people adapted to it and it was used all over the Arabic nations.

The History of Arabic Language goes back in time when the holy prophet (PBUH) was on earth and they used the Islamic language, which was later simplified. Then, it was the deep Arabic language and to date, it is very hard for one to elaborate some of the symbols and words. What is usually written in the Quran is harder but played a major role in the information of the Arabic language. One who wants to deeply study this religion needs to master the tajweeds and this means reciting the different verses in deep Arabic terms. Luckily, with time, one gets to understand how the Arabic language has come to unite

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Over the years, there has been plenty of speculation on the History of Arabic Language and many people think that it came from Saudi Arabia. It is prominent in the Islamic countries and many people tend to associate it with Islam. This language-started way beefier the coming of the holy prophet (PBUH) and it has changed over the years. Currently, there are many people who are speaking it and able to read with no barriers at all. One does not need to be a Muslim to read the Arabic language and it is being traveling all over the globe. The history of this language started many years ago and many people associate it with the pharaohs since there are symbols that are used in writing it instead of the normal words.

It gets easier when one uses the different channels and this will give them the chance to know more on the History of Arabic Language. One of the ways is going to class and dealing with the historical times and get to know more on the language. This is one of the best sources to know it since scholars have gone back in time to find the roots of this language, how it came to being and one will end up getting a deep meaning of it. Through the historical times, language has been used as one main source of interaction and this gets easy for one to get things done. This is the reason why one needs to know how the Arabic language started and they will get to grasp the worlds, and the identity.

Learning the Arabic language is not easy and one needs to know how to differentiate the different symbols and the pronunciations. When one gets to understand the History of Arabic Language, they will end up knowing more on the different ways of how the pronunciations became known and how to write it. Many people believe the people of Arab decent were the ones who came up with the language and others strongly believe that this came to formation because of the Islamic religion.

Islam has played a big role in the History of Arabic Language, and some go back in time to find out if it existed as it was written in the Quran. Then, the message was not direct and the language was very strict and hard for one to follow. This is the reason why one needs to get the necessary assistance to understand the message written in the Quran since it portrays the deep Arabic language, the one that is commonly used these days is the simplified one and very easy for one to read and write. The historic aspect takes one back in time of trading and the Arabs used to migrate all over the continents and mostly settled in the coastal areas of Africa and this is the reason why is has some bit of Swahili accent and Moroccan language. All this signifies that he Arabic language had lots of influence on the other languages.

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V – Other consequences of narrowness for you to think for yourselves

In the previous post, I have tried to explain how doubt is like an obstructed strait that does not allow the conveyance of goods, thus giving origin to difficulty and poverty. As promised, in this final part of the article I will share with you some other consequences of narrowness, leaving you to do the reasoning for yourselves.

In the third part of my analysis, I’ve showed you that Latin verb suspendo, to hang, and to make uncertain or doubtful, “which, in turn, made it possible to be used tropically to denote both what is uncertain, doubtful, and wavering, hesitating“. Well, I’ll now add one other meaning: to choke to death by hanging, a meaning similar with Latin verb ango‘s to press together – and in relation to the throat, to throttle, strangle, this explaining why the verb ended up being used metaphorically both to to feel or suffer pain, and, most frequently, of the mind, to distress, torment. This is from were angustia is derived. Literally meaning a narrow pass, strait, when used metaphorically, angustia was synonym not only with want, indigence, poverty but also with difficulty, distress, perplexity. English anguish, Portuguese angústia, Spanish angustia, French angosse, all derived from angustia.

Let us stick with the throat, in particular with the windpipe, that sort of tube that allows the passage of air… because I would like to talk a bit about breathing, especially the breathing that is typical of climbing or of running, both of them situations during which breathing is rendered difficult. The Latin word that names this panting is anhelatio, and the action of panting is anhelo, to move about for breath; hence, to draw the breath with great difficulty, to pant, puff, gasp. You may not know its equivalent nowadays, but it probably helps if I say that Spanish anhelo is a derivative, and that it means to have a yen, yearning.

Next thing I want to do is to invite you to pay attention to the following ayat “[…] and whoever He wants to misguide, He makes his breast tight and constricted as though he were climbing into the sky.”  (6:125) The English words tight and constricted are translations of Arabic roots حرج (hrj) and ضيق (Diq), respectively – I’ve talked about them in the previous post, where we’ve seen that the first Arabic root means strait, or narrow; to become contracted, to doubt; to be in difficulty; and that the second one, narrow, or strait (a thing, a place); difficult, or distressing; doubt in the heart, straitness in the mind; poverty. I now want to add صعد (S’d), translated as climbing in the above mentioned ayat, and denoting a breathing with an expression of pain, grief or sorrow, or with difficulty; a long breathing. Before leaving you with your thoughts, I’ll just ask: is there any bridge on the horizon?

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In the previous post I was drawn to conclude that suspicion, in its own peculiar nature, founds itself on the consideration of things that are uncertain and doubtful themselves. Through what we’ve seen so far, I think it is correct to assume that suspicion is not necessarily endemic to the wavering doubt, but it sure is endemic in a context where doubt has come to an halt. In other words, some individuals do maintain their wavering doubt throughout their entire life, whereas others put an end to the balancing of uncertainty by erecting a personal creed that is not founded on a firm basis.

IV Part – Straitening doubt

I would now like to invite you to consider another kind of doubt that we can find in two Arabic roots: حرج (hrj), strait, or narrow; to become contracted, to doubt; to be in difficulty; and ضيق (Diq), narrow,  or strait (a thing, a place); difficult, or distressing; doubt in the heart, straitness in the mind; poverty. These two roots bear a striking evidence of what seems to be an association between doubt and that which is narrow, which, in turn, is associated with both difficulty and poverty.

I find it very interesting to see something similar to this in Greek word aporos, meaning without passage, having no way in, out, or through; hence, of places, impassable; of states or circumstances, impracticable, difficult; and of persons, without means or resources, helpless; poor, needy. You might be thinking that this word is lacking the notion of narrowness… But it isn’t; in fact, the word derives from poros, originally used to denote a means of passing a river, a ford, ferry, being as well used as synonym of a strait, that is, a narrow part of the sea. Through this idea of a narrow passage, poros was also used to allude to those tiny passages in the skin – the pores. But what I really would like you to keep in mind is that poros‘ general meaning was that of means of achieving, accomplishing, as for instance the means for performing a journey.

But you may now be asking yourselves where’s doubt in those Greek words? To answer to your pertinent question I’ll have to introduce one other Greek word, formed with that same root por-. The word is porew, that means, carry, convey by land or water, traverse. So, what we have here is the implicit idea of a passage through which something is carried. Now, if you add the prefix ‘a’ you get aporew, that is, without means or resources (just like aporos) – in other words, that passage through which things were conveyed no longer exists, and that’s why the word means, of things, to be left wanting; and in general, to be at loss, be in doubt, be puzzled.

Let’s now go back to poros as the means of passing a river to add that we find this same meaning in Arabic root عبر (‘br), a thing by means of which one crosses a river (a boat, a bridge or some other thing) – but as it also means interpreting, explaining, or studying a thing, it is possible to assume that having a means of passing, or traversing, an obstacle such as a river is the same as having the means to study and thus understand what is not known. So, basically, doubt in aporew is referred to as the same as the lacking of means to carry or convey understanding.

As to poverty being associated with the lack of means to carry things through a passage… it suffices you to remember that what we call trade is strictly dependent on the possibility of using certain means to import or export goods, and that the lack of passages to the sea, for instance, is what fuels conflicts like the one between Ethiopia and Eritrea, the first of them being called a landlocked country, that is, a country that is not only cut off from sea resources, but also impeded of having access to seaborne trade. This same notion adopts one other aspect in the word embargo, that literally means to stay in the port, that is, the prohibition of ships to sail, thus impeding the conveyance of goods. More recently, embargos’ aim is to act as a barrier to the passage of all sorts of goods, thus weakening, and eventually, leading a country to poverty, as was the case of the embargo imposed by the United Nations Security Council on Iraq.

In the final part of this article, I’ll leave you with some other consequences of narrowness for you to think for yourselves

Related posts:

1. A journey through the nature of doubt in Latin, Greek and Arabic Languages – Part 3 In the previous post, I’ve tried to show how shakin,...
2. A journey through the nature of doubt in Latin, Greek and Arabic Languages – part 1 In this article you will be following a journey through...
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Many people want to learn the Arabic language but they do not know some of the best center they will use to get the best results. Some people end up with the best results since they have done prepare research and know some of the ideal centers that do offer the best courses.

There are many reasons as to why one will want to learn the Arabic language and some of the reasons include for religious reasons linguistic, to translate the Islamic language. Other people are traveling to the Islamic nations and they want to be familiar with the language and understand all the details and communicate with people easily. When it comes to learning it for religious reasons, one needs to visit the Quran scholars and they will not only get to know the language but grasp the Islamic aspect. When one is undergoing the Islamic religion, it gets harder for them to learn the religion if they cannot translate the Quran, which is written in the Arabic language. This is the reason why all the Muslims need to know how to read and interpret the Quran and they will end up knowing the real through of the Gospel through the Quran.

Some people want to learn from home and this is much easier through the audiotapes. This is the process of listening to tapes that the student will listen to and know how to pronounce. This will not teach one how to write since it only deals with the pronunciation aspect. Some people choose to use the latest technology and they will adapt the online resources. Some sources give the students the complete course of learning the Arabic language. One needs to download the files and the end up listening to them for as long as they like. They show one all the syllable and how to write the different worlds.

This is one of the best, and authoritative ways to learn since one can listen and at the same time, they get to follow the writing techniques on the screen. This will give one the chance to know more and this will make it easier for them to learn from any location in the world where there is internet. It is advisable for the student to ensure they choose the online resources well since there are some courses that do not expound on this aspect. Some people choose to pay for the courses and others prefer to rely on the free tutorials.

You need to make sure that you settle with the sources that will give you all the details and the key aspects. Some parents prefer to give their children the chance to learn the Arabic language at the Islamic center and this will ensure that they grow up knowing the Islamic language and end up grasping more on the Quran and become children who end up knowing the faith. Some people end up choosing the Islamic religious academies and these will help them to know more when it comes to the religious and scholarly aspect.

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In the previous post I was drawn to conclude that suspicion, in its own peculiar nature, founds itself on the consideration of things that are uncertain and doubtful themselves. Through what we’ve seen so far, I think it is correct to assume that suspicion is not necessarily endemic to the wavering doubt, but it sure is endemic in a context where doubt has come to an halt. In other words, some individuals do maintain their wavering doubt throughout their entire life, whereas others put an end to the balancing of uncertainty by erecting a personal creed that is not founded on a firm basis.

IV Part – Straitening doubt

I would now like to invite you to consider another kind of doubt that we can find in two Arabic roots: حرج (hrj), strait, or narrow; to become contracted, to doubt; to be in difficulty; and ضيق (Diq), narrow,  or strait (a thing, a place); difficult, or distressing; doubt in the heart, straitness in the mind; poverty. These two roots bear a striking evidence of what seems to be an association between doubt and that which is narrow, which, in turn, is associated with both difficulty and poverty.

I find it very interesting to see something similar to this in Greek word aporos, meaning without passage, having no way in, out, or through; hence, of places, impassable; of states or circumstances, impracticable, difficult; and of persons, without means or resources, helpless; poor, needy. You might be thinking that this word is lacking the notion of narrowness… But it isn’t; in fact, the word derives from poros, originally used to denote a means of passing a river, a ford, ferry, being as well used as synonym of a strait, that is, a narrow part of the sea. Through this idea of a narrow passage, poros was also used to allude to those tiny passages in the skin – the pores. But what I really would like you to keep in mind is that poros‘ general meaning was that of means of achieving, accomplishing, as for instance the means for performing a journey.

But you may now be asking yourselves where’s doubt in those Greek words? To answer to your pertinent question I’ll have to introduce one other Greek word, formed with that same root por-. The word is porew, that means, carry, convey by land or water, traverse. So, what we have here is the implicit idea of a passage through which something is carried. Now, if you add the prefix ‘a’ you get aporew, that is, without means or resources (just like aporos) – in other words, that passage through which things were conveyed no longer exists, and that’s why the word means, of things, to be left wanting; and in general, to be at loss, be in doubt, be puzzled.

Let’s now go back to poros as the means of passing a river to add that we find this same meaning in Arabic root عبر (‘br), a thing by means of which one crosses a river (a boat, a bridge or some other thing) – but as it also means interpreting, explaining, or studying a thing, it is possible to assume that having a means of passing, or traversing, an obstacle such as a river is the same as having the means to study and thus understand what is not known. So, basically, doubt in aporew is referred to as the same as the lacking of means to carry or convey understanding.

As to poverty being associated with the lack of means to carry things through a passage… it suffices you to remember that what we call trade is strictly dependent on the possibility of using certain means to import or export goods, and that the lack of passages to the sea, for instance, is what fuels conflicts like the one between Ethiopia and Eritrea, the first of them being called a landlocked country, that is, a country that is not only cut off from sea resources, but also impeded of having access to seaborne trade. This same notion adopts one other aspect in the word embargo, that literally means to stay in the port, that is, the prohibition of ships to sail, thus impeding the conveyance of goods. More recently, embargos’ aim is to act as a barrier to the passage of all sorts of goods, thus weakening, and eventually, leading a country to poverty, as was the case of the embargo imposed by the United Nations Security Council on Iraq.

In the final part of this article, I’ll leave you with some other consequences of narrowness for you to think for yourselves

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In the previous post, I’ve tried to show how shakin, one of the Arabic words for doubt, might be defining another kind of doubt, not the doubt that’s wavering in its indecision, but the kind of doubt that has gotten established in the mind – and to try and prove this I’ve mentioned ayat 157 of Quran’s chapter 4, in which we read “And [for] their saying, ‘Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah.’ And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it.They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption.”

III Part – Hanging doubt

Let us now recall that doubt is also linked to lack of trust, and so being the case to be in doubt is also to suspect to be false what’s conveyed as being true. So, we now have to look at doubt as being equal to suspicion – and this is exactly what we find in the mentioned ayat, not only through shakin, as we have already seen, but also through the noun assumption, as we are going to see next.

Assumption comes as a translation of Arabic word Zani, whose root, ظن, means opinion, supposition or conjecture, that is, subjective knowledge based on things that are not known through ocular perception. Furthermore, this is also a root that puts conjecture side by side with being suspicious, which might makes us think that, like conjecture, suspicion is not based on things that one sees.

Nevertheless, and curiously enough, the word suspicion itself is built on the notion of looking up or upwards – this is what Latin suspicio clearly demonstrates. Moreover, as it could as well denote to look at secretly or askance, it has been possible for the verb to give origin to suspectus, that is, mistrusted, that excites suspicion. But still, things are not clear… one might ask as to what sort of relation was originally established in Latin language that allowed the word to associate looking upwards with the pair suspicion-doubt. In my opinion, the source of the association lies within the concept of suspense itself. We say of something that is suspended that it is hung, and this is, basically, the first meaning of Latin Verb suspendo. But as it also meant to cause to be suspended, the verb allowed the meaning to make uncertain or doubtful, which, in turn, made it possible to be used tropically to denote both what is uncertain, doubtful, and wavering, hesitating.

It is probable that these meanings originate in the idea that the slightest force applied to a thing that’s suspended will make it move back and forth – and we already know how this type of movement seems the ideal to symbolize the wavering of the doubting mind. But there’s something else about a thing’s being suspended… In my previous article, “Why was the Qu’ran revealed in Arabic?”, I’ve showed how the the notion of firmness is dependent on the existence of  a basis, a foundation whose roots lie under the surface. What I’m suggesting is that to things that are hung we attribute the opposite meaning, that is, a thing that is hanging is something that is essentially uncertain.

So, if suspicion begins with the mind’s looking upwards, and if what’s upwards is basically suspended, then the suspicious mind is in fact paying attention to things that are uncertain and doubtful, this meaning that hey are not themselves to be trusted.

In the fourth part of this analysis, I will try what doubt has to do with narrowness

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