Showing posts with label India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label India. Show all posts

Islam di India

on Monday, July 15, 2013

Islam merupakan agama terbesar kedua di India setelah Hindu dilihat dari jumlah pengikutnya. Hampir 151 juta Muslim yang tinggal di negara ini yaitu sebesar 13,4 persen dari total penduduk India. Islam pertama kali sampai di India ratusan tahun yang lalu semasa hidup Nabi Muhammad SAW. Hal itu dengan serta merta berdampak langsung terhadap wilayah tersebut. Orang-orang mulai membangun masjid serta lembaga-kembaga keagamaan sejak abad ke-7 Masehi. Segera setelah itu, Islam akhirnya berakar ke dalam kebudayaan, peradaban, dan kehidupan masyarakat India.

Saat ini, umat Islam memiliki status yang berkedudukan kuat di India dan mereka telah memainkan berbagai peran penting dalam kemajuan negara. Ada banyak lembaga Muslim di India di mana umat Islam menerima pendidikan berkualitas tinggi. Menurut statistik pemerintah, 4% umat Islam menimba ilmu di madrasah sedangkan 96% sisanya terdaftar baik di sekolah negeri ataupun swasta. Bagi sebagian besar umat Islam India, identitas sebagai seorang “Muslim” adalah lebih penting daripada menjadi seorang “India”, menurut laporan Komite Sachar.

Sejauh menyangkut hak resmi dan hak istimewa terhadap umat Islam, pemerintah India dengan kekuasaannya tidak mampu untuk mencegah inklusi sosial masyarakat minoritas sebesar ini. Banyak Muslim terkemuka di India berpendapat bahwa mereka yang menganut Islam menghadapi representasi politik yang tidak proporsional di tingkat negara bagian dan tingkat nasional. Walau bagaimana pun juga, hal ini tidak menghentikan umat Islam untuk mencapai posisi teratas dalam demokrasi terbesar di dunia. Keluarga-keluarga Muslim memiliki tradisi memerintah India sejak zaman kerajaan Mughal. Banyak tradisi modern India berasal dari periode waktu ketika penguasa Muslim menguasai seluruh India, Pakistan, dan Bangladesh.

Oleh karena itu, umat Islam di India tidak melihat diri mereka sebagai kelompok marjinal  seperti yang kelompok-kelompok agama minoritas lainnya lakukan. Mereka tidak hanya memiliki rasa kepemilikan yang kuat terhadap agama mereka, tetapi juga rasa patriotisme yang mendalam terhadap negara mereka. Menggabungkan dua faktor tersebut, mereka telah berhasil memperoleh simbol status yang semestinya di India dan bebas mengamalkan serta mengajarkan agama mereka. Meskipun pada beberapa waktu, mereka menjadi sasaran terhadap prasangka dan kebodohan kronis yang berdasar pada stereotip yang keras, hal ini tidak mempengaruhi tradisi Islam dan perilaku Muslim di negara yang didominasi agama Hindu.

Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa umat Islam di India telah berkembang, pemerintah dan masyarakat Muslim harus terus berusaha untuk memastikan kesetaraan bagi kaum Muslim di seluruh India. Perwakilan yang sebanding berdasarkan standar demokrasi sangat penting apabila integrasi dan kerukunan umat beragama dimajukan di dalam demokrasi Asia Selatan.

You can also read this article in English Here



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The request of Novartis for Patent has been Rejected by the Supreme Court of India

on Saturday, April 6, 2013

Novartis is a leading pharmaceutical company in India, which produces various drugs for the healthcare of the citizens. In 2006, Novartis requested for the patent rights, because they have made a drug named Glivec for cancer ailment. Three years later, Novartis again requested for the same thing. They added innovation in the cancer ailment drug in India, to protect the citizens from this serious disease. But on Monday the 2nd of April, the Court rejected the request of Novartis. The Supreme court of India claimed that, the innovations of Novartis are minor. It is not satisfactory, and so they will not able to get the patent rights.

There is a concept in India that is known as Patent Rights. These rights are given to the new innovative companies and firms just to set the price against the copy of the innovative product. These patent rights remain for 20 years, in which a producer can make changes with time to time. unfortunately, the court had denied the request of Novartis, it has been reported that, if (in case) the court honored the request of Novartis, then there were so many chances that, the price of the drug will rise up because Novartis is the only leading drug producer company in India, but now due to the court order, the generic companies got the opportunity to create competition among the different firms and companies. There is a big chance that the price of the drugs will decrease due to the high competition.

After hearing the court order, Novartis Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Novartis India, Ranjit Shahani shared his thoughts with themedia. He said that the court decision has ruined the future innovation of India. He added that, this decision has a setback for the patients, they will not be able to get the effective treatment with the generic drugs. He mentioned that Glivec was made to treat the chronic leukemia and other types of cancer, and it is making $2,600 per month, while the generic products were only making $175 in a month.

While the lawyer of Indian Generic Drug manufacturer Cipla, Pratibha Singh said that, the patent has set some principles that they will protect them from the international pharmaceutical companies which are trying to update the existing medicines in India. She said that patent rights will never give to those people who are trying to add little changes in their products just to earn their own profit.

As it has been noticed that after the decision, Novartis shares had fell to 5% in the Bombay Stock exchange, while the generic drug companies like Cipla and Natco rose up after the judgment.

After hearing the orders of the court, there was a celebration by the Generic drugs producing companies, it was like their own victory. Generic drugs are also exported in different developing companies like Africa.



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Swiss couple Looted and then the Female was Gang Raped in India

on Thursday, March 28, 2013

In India, the women are loosing their pride and honor daily. Women are treated as sex slaves and servants and don’t have much right to protect themselves. Little girls get married at a very early age to older men; the conditions in rural areas are even worse where men rape women very openly in public. The recent gang rape incident in New Delhi (capital of India) brought the whole world’s attention. A 23 year old lady was gang raped on a moving bus. The girl was boarded on a bus after watching a movie in the local theatre; she was on the bus with her male friend. Five to 6 men on the bus first beat the male friend and then raped the girl, they also inserted iron rods in her vaginal area which gave her fatal internal injuries, the lady fought for her life for a few days in the local hospital, but she died. Thousands of protesters were on Indian roads demanding rights and protection for women. Several laws and rules were passed which included female bus drivers and conductors and separate men women areas. Even after all these regulations many gang rape incidents were reported in the country, and it is still uncontrollable.

The very recent gang rape incident occurred in Data district, Madhya Pradesh. A Swiss couple was touring India; they were visiting Delhi monuments, Taj Mahal and other areas of India. The couple then was cycling to the Data district village and later they camped out in the village for the night. In the night hours, the couple was attacked by 8 to 10 men in the village. The Swiss man was attacked with bamboo sticks and then he was tied down to the tree, then all the men gang raped his wife right in front of him. At the end, they looted the amount of 10,000 India Rupees, Laptop, Mobile phones and other valuable and then disappeared in the woods.

The couple then reported this to the police, and they were escorted to a nearby hospital. Both the couple didn’t suffer any serious injuries and were fine. Different raids were made in the media and a few of the suspects were caught. One of the suspects hanged himself in jail, as reported by the Police; however, the family of the suspects claimed that he was murdered. More than 20 people have been detained, and few have been arrested. The Swiss embassy has ordered a thorough investigation of the event.

The Swiss woman was 36 years old. She was conscious, and she spoke bravely to the authorities and demanded immediate action against the culprits. Again, protests have started against raping of women in India, and this raping of a foreign tourist is a turning point. The whole media are covering it, and female tourists are now beginning to worry about their protection in India. According to police reports and government statistics, after every 20 minutes, a girl or a woman is raped in India.



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Juvenile Crime Laws in India Exposed by the Gang Rape Case

on Sunday, January 20, 2013

India is finding ways to set legal precedent in the case of gang rape happened in Delhi last month.  The victim of the gang rape succumbed to her injuries after she was raped by six men when she was coming back late at night from a cinema hall with a male friend of hers. The couple watched “Life of Pi” in the cinema and took a local bus to reach home. On the bus, the six men beat up her male friend and raped the girl. Her attempts to resist their rape angered the crew to such an extent that they felt a need to mutilate her body to such an extent that she was unable to recover in the hospital.

Her death resulted in a nationwide outcry in the form of massive protests. Even in the 21st century, women are insecure in India. According to an independent report, a staggering 600 cases of rape were reported in 2012 in Delhi alone. The Indian government  is trying its utmost to put to an end such inhumane incidents, but successes have been limited and difficult to come by.

The police has charged the five adults with rape, murder, abduction and robbery. The sixth participant, only 17 years of age, is also suspected of raping the victim as well as wielding iron bars into her body, causing fatal intestinal injuries that resulted in her death. The police claims that the five adults, if found guilty, would be awarded a death sentence. The sixth accused, the teenager, however, would merely be awarded three years of imprisonment.

The differences in sentences of adult rapists and teen rapists have caused a great deal of controversy all over India. According to a law passed in 2000, teenagers between the ages of 16 and 18 must be charged with adult punishments if they commit a crime. In a conference of India’s police chiefs and top bureaucrats in New Delhi this month, participants shed light on why the teenager would be subject to a reduced sentence despite the 2000 law.

According to the police, the suspect teenager dropped out from a school in Uttar Pradesh and was brought to Delhi by a relative where he was working at a street restaurant. His family assumed he died in the city as he stopped sending money home. The suspect had been living in Delhi for six years when the rape incident occurred.

Bhuwan Ribhu, a child activist talking about the involvement of a 17 year old in a rape case, argued “this case has exposed our failure as a society in protecting our children and women. First a boy is trafficked and exploited — later he turns to crime to change the power equation by finding a weaker person to dominate and control. We must stop this vicious cycle.”

Not everybody shares the same kind of sympathy for the 17 year old. “Here is the boy that the whole country hates. I feel guilty that I am even looking after him,” said an anonymous senior official who was not authorized to speak publicly. The official, who said he had participated in demonstrations against the gang rape, went on to say, “he had crossed all the limits of humanity. The staff feels deeply conflicted here. Our blood boils when we think of what he did.”



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pakistan aur india k durmeyan burte hoe kashedge

on Saturday, January 19, 2013

Pakistan aur india kay line of control kay darmian honay wali firing kam az kam dus roz se jari hai lakin buhat se news channels se yeh itlaat mousool hui hain kaay india Pakistan mai se koi bhi es baat ko tasleem krne kay liye tyar nai hai kay akhir es mai kis ki ghalte hai. Pakistan army ka kehna hai kay ghair iraadi indian firing ki waja say Pakistan kay sepahi apni jaan sey hath dho bethay hain.  Halaat waqt kay sath sath begarty chalay ja rahen hain last week se ab tak india Pakistan kay 2 2 sepahi shahedd  hug aye hain.  Halat roz bar oz sangeen hotay ja rahen hai.

India Pakistan 2008 kay Mumbai attack ki waja sey mazeed kharab hotay ja rahen hain. Mumbai attack ka bhi ilzam Pakistan kay sar dala ja raha hai. Dono mumalikn nay ghair iraadi firing ki zemedari lene se inkar kar diya hai. Pakistan kay army director nay es baat ki pur zor muzhmaat ki hai. Aur unhain nay bataya kay india ki firing ki waja sey Naik Ashraf shahahdat nosh farma gaye hain jis pe unho ny shahed ghum o ghusay ka izhar kiya, jab kay india kay col RK palta ka kehna hai kay Pakistan nay jan bojh kr unkay sepahi per firing kar kay mara hai.

Pakistan ki foreign minister Hina Rabbani Khar nay kaha kay donu mumalik es tarah kay sangeen dushman afford nai kar sakte es mamlaat ko jald khatam kiya jai ga ta kay enkay relation ko dobara theke kia ja sakay aur taraqi ki rah mai jo rukawaten hain woh door ki ja sakian.  Jab indian army ney media se guftugu kartay huway bataya kay pechlay Monday ko Pakistan nay 5 dafa ceasefire ki khelaf warzi ki hai jis mai unki ghair iradi firing ki waja se unkay sepahi maray gaye hain tu es per Hina Rabbani Khar ka kehna ta kay unki ghair mutwaqah firing ki waja sey Pakistan sepahi bhi shaheed huway hain.

Kal india kay prime minster Manmohan Singh nay buaht he talkh ilfaz istemal kartay hway kaha kay who hamesha ki tarah Pakistan se koi business nai karain gay aur unka yeh bhi kehna tha kay Pakistan ko apni ghalte man leni chahaye aur kaha kay jald he Pakistan ko es ka ehsas hu jai ga.  Indian army ka kehna hai kay pkaistan last Monday se ley kr ab tak five dafa provoked firing kar chukka hai lakin es ka koi sabot samaney nai aa saka bar haal Mrs. Khar ka kehna hai kay jald he es mamlay per india say baat cheet ki jai ge…



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Why Is Rape A Big Problem In India and Pakistan?

on Thursday, January 10, 2013

Rape is something that is a huge problem in developing countries like Pakistan and India because the government is weak. The laws are not stringent enough in these countries and no one does anything to stop the madness. It seems like the police and politicians are bribed or they are just not paying attention to this major problem. There are thousands of women that are victims of rape each year. The thing that one must understand is that these countries are poor countries. The women that are targeted do not have any choice. They may not have the means to hire a lawyer or may try to conceal the fact that they have been raped.

These sad cases happen every single day and no one does anything about it. The news that is usually seen on television focuses on how many people were killed in target killings or who will win the elections. Cases like rape are seen as trivial and when women do fight for justice they are killed or threats are given to their families. The case of Mukhtaran Mai that happened a couple years back is just an example of how things are in Pakistan. She was gang raped by 13 men and they were all captured by the police. However, when the case was taken to court almost all of the men were free to go. This shows that the system in Pakistan is a male dominating system. Patriarchy prevails in this system and women are victims of subjugation.

There have been many reported incidents of men abusing women on buses, on the roads, girls are abused at school and so much more. It is evident that these developing countries have a patriarchal setup. Males dominate the homes and they dominate the streets by raping women.

The question that arises is how do the criminals get punished or how to catch the criminals. The blame cannot completely be placed on the police because sometimes it is hard to capture the offenders because the police do not know what is always happening. They cannot police each and every road in these countries. However, it is evident that they are lacking on their duties. If the police was stronger or if strict punishments were enforced, then problems like this would start to decrease. The politicians and police are not loyal to the country and every citizen knows that. The police take bribes and when cases like this are reported they act like if it is not a major issue. We cannot say this about every police officer, but it is true for most of the police officers. One can give 100 Rs to an officer for driving recklessly on the roads and they will let you go. There need to be checks and balances in a country, but how is that possible if the politicians are allies of the police?

This is why rape cases are on the rise and they have taken an extreme toll. The number continues to increase because no one is doing anything to put it to an end!



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Suspects for Gang Rape In India Will be Presented In Court On Monday

on Sunday, January 6, 2013

The gang rape in Delhi is something that has created a buzz among the people. The hearing at the court for this crime will take place on Monday. The five suspects will go through a hearing known as “the fast track”. These criminals are charged for rape, murder, and kidnapping. The incident that happened last month will reveal the charges for this serious crime.

News from New Delhi states that more female police officers will need to be deployed so that they can handle complaints or crimes like rape. The attack on the 23 year old girl was quite fatal and protests all over the country have been carried out to create awareness. People all over the world are eager to find out what the charges for the five rapists will be.

For those people that do not know what a fast track court is, it is a hearing where the court will be surrounded by red tape. Outsiders will be restricted from entering the court to hear what the judge decides. The authorities are waiting for the final results of the test that was carried out on the bone marrow so that they can also charge the sixth adult that was a suspect in this attack. Deputy police, Nalwa said, “The trail will commence as soon as we get all the evidence together.”

New Delhi has also enforced a new policy which states that by this Friday there will be more female police officers at every police station. The Interior Minister, Shinde said, “Starting Friday, the police stations will have two female inspectors and around 10 female constables.”

Women are quite satisfied with this new policy because they feel more comfortable talking to a female rather than a male. It helps them to take with ease and they are able to file their reports without having major issues. There will be many candidates that will be recruited in the next few months to join in on the police force. This will help reduce crimes like rape and it will make it easier for the police to handle such matters.

The Minister is also pushing hard and working on new policies so that cases like rape can be abolished for good. Soon the officials of Delhi will reveal the names of the rapists and will publish their addresses, names, and even case numbers on a new website. This will help to reduce such crimes and will help significantly.

 



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Gang Rape In India – Murder Charges Filed Against the Suspects

on Sunday, December 30, 2012

New Delhi- The Indian police have charged six men for gang-raping a girl on a bus. The girl was thrown out of the moving bus and later died at a hospital in Singapore. A bus driver and six other people have been taken into custody at a police station in New Dehli.

This incident happened around two weeks ago, and it created quite an uproar amongst the people in India. Many protesters have hit the streets and they are demanding for protection for women not only in India, but all over the world. There is a high security alert in New Dehli and the police have barricaded some areas where rallies have already been held. The police banned protesting in Raisina Hills and closed off many roads. The authorities also ordered to close down ten of the metro stations.

The victim of this violence was taken to Singapore so that she could be treated for the injuries. After the medical team conducted the autopsy they reported, “She is in critical condition and has been treated brutally”. The chief executive of Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Dr.Loh stated “She suffered from organ failure also there were severe injuries on her brain and her body. She is a fighter to have survived the attack, but the extreme trauma was too much for her body to overcome”. Doctors reported that she had an abdominal infection and she was too weak to carry on living her life.

The authorities have kept the name of the woman a secret, but many protestors are calling her by the name “Damini”. This word is a Hindi word and it means “lightning”. They have named her this because there was also a Bollywood movie released in 1993 that had a similar story.

The attackers not only attacked her, but even caused harm to her male friend. They robbed these two of all of their possessions before they dumped them on the road. The friend is still recovering and will be discharged from the hospital soon.

The rape cases have increased day by day in India. The figure in 1921 was 2,487 and in 2011 it was 24,206. This shows that there are no strict rules that are being enforced and women are not being protected. There were around 572 rape cases reported in 2011 and this year there are over 600.

“Damini” may have left this world, but she will get justice. Women in India have reported that men do abuse women on public transport and it has become hard to travel in such times. India really has some work to do to protect the female population. Women are not treated equally in this country and the authorities can be blamed to some extent. Where are they when things like this happen? However, the Cabinet in India has planned to set up measures for the safety of women, so there may be some changes that we will see in a couple of months.



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Afridi dropped from ODI Series Against India

on Sunday, December 16, 2012

PCB has finally announced the team for the much awaited tour of India which is scheduled for this month. Pakistan will play 2 T20s and 3 ODIs in India starting on the 25th. The bilateral series will come to an end on January 6, 2013. Though Pakistan and India faced each other in the recent T20 World Cup, the bilateral series has now been scheduled. The efforts of Zaka Ashraf, PCB chairman are worth mentioning here.

The selection committee announced the team for the series on Monday. The squad has 22 players in total for both the ODI and T20 series. However, some of the players will fly back to Pakistan after participating in the T20 matches. Abdur Razzaq, Imran Nazir and Muhammad Sami, who were the part of Pakistani squad during the last tour, have been dropped from the squad. Imran Nazir was given many chances lately, but his inability to perform has resulted in his exit. People are thinking that now it is quite impossible for him to make a comeback because he has had too many chances.

On the question regarding the exclusion of Abdur Razzaq, Iqbal Qasim, chief selector said though he is a great player but he did not fit in their plans. This team is formed keeping in mind the future, and younger players have been included. This is a great opportunity for them to perform in this crucial series and prove their mettle.

One of the best all-arounders of the world, Shaid Afridi has been dropped from the ODI squad; although, he is still the part of T20 team. It was a shock for most of cricket fans of Pakistan, and the chief selector defended his decision by saying that he has not perform well lately. Nonetheless, he is a big gun when it comes to shorter version of the game.

Younis Khan, the top performer for Pakistan, has made a comeback in the ODI side and this is in fact a great sign which shows that selectors have confidence in Younis, and they are relying on him to guide the youngsters. The inclusion of Irfan and Asad Ali is another surprise for the people. Both of them are youngsters and they still have to prove themselves. Let us see what this tour holds for the youngsters. Below are the complete squads for the series.

ODI:

Misbahul Haq (captain), Mohammad Hafeez, Azhar Ali, Younis Khan, Nasir Jamshed, Haris Sohail, Kamran Akmal, Saeed Ajmal, Wahab Riaz, Junaid Khan, Umar Gul, Zulfiqar Babar, Imran Farhat, Umar Akmal, Anwar Ali.

Twenty20:

Mohammad Hafeez (captain), Nasir Jamshed, Kamran Akmal, Umar Akmal, Umar Amin, Shoaib Malik, Shahid Afridi, Saeed Ajmal, Mohammad Irfan, Junaid Khan, Sohail Tanveer, Umar Gul, Asad Ali, Zulfiqar Babar, Ahmed Shahzad.

On top of all of this, people have certain concerns regarding the inclusion of Imran Farhat as he has not performed well lately. So, it is a crucial tour for him as well.



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Pakistan women cricket team beats India

on Monday, October 1, 2012

Pakistan and India cricket matches are all up for grabs, huge crowds pour into the stadium to watch the match. Usually it’s taken right to the nerves and it’s all about winning for both the teams.  Pakistan women cricket team made us all proud by winning the match. “After winning the toss, Pakistan chose to bat and scored 98 runs in their allotted 20 overs, with captain Sana Mir and star batsman Nain Abidi being the top scorers for the team with 26 and 25 runs, respectively.

India failed to reach the target by one run, scoring 97 runs for the loss of eight wickets, batting their full quota of overs.

India’s top scorers were J Goswami, PG Raut and M Raj with 21, 18 and 16 runs respectively.

Goswami gave an all round performance with the ball too, taking two wickets.

Besides Goswami, RK Parwin and AA Patil were the pick of the bowlers for India as well, taking two wickets apiece.”

Recently, Pakistan women cricket team played against the Indian cricket team and played very hard. On the same day our national cricket team “Paki boys” played against Indian team and lost miserable. Whole nation was doomed and saddened at knowing that Pakistan had lost to India. Floods of expectations were laid on the team and enormous prayers were made but all needed in smoke as Pakistan lost the match. “Huge pressure is going to be poured on Pakistan and Indian teams, Pakistan player seamer Umar Gul said  “When we play India there is lot of pressure because our people always want us to win.

“The same is the case in India, so there will be pressure on both teams.

“Anything can happen. We will give it our best shot. India is a very good team, but we know each other’s strong and weak points. In T20 it all depends on how a team plays on that day.”

Indian player Dhoni also believed that the pressure exerted onto them is unusual than the regular matches “It is always good to be in a situation where you have to win every game,” he said.

“There is no scope for complacency and that is a good thing. You have to be at your best throughout.

“Hopefully we can go out and express ourselves without worrying too much about the result.”

By far India and Pakistan have played two matched officially in T20 world cup, the score rate has been as “Before the current showpiece started, Pakistan defeated India by five wickets in a practice match in Colombo on September 17, with Kamran Akmal smashing an unbeaten 92 off 50 balls.

Pakistan, chasing India’s commanding 185-3, slipped to 91-5 before Akmal and former captain Shoaib Malik turned the game around with a brilliant unbroken stand of 95 off 46 balls.

Akmal plundered six sixes, including the winning shot off seamer Irfan Pathan which sailed over the cover fence. Malik remained unbeaten on 37 off 18 balls.”

But the sheer happiness as a result of women team winning against India has healed the wounds of the T20 loss.


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Momo Khan

Life has given you wings to fly, why to crawl through your life !!
Freelance writer and an agony aunt to my friends.
Dreamer, Love my family and is a peaceful creature !!



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Efforts of United Nation to Solve Kashmir India Conflict

on Saturday, August 25, 2012

Efforts of United Nation to Solve Kashmir India Conflict

United Nations are helping Kashmiri people through every thick and thins of their lives but still the freedom of Kashmiri people is a question which is yet to be answered

United Nations has expressed deep interest to solve the Kashmir India Conflict and has always shown solidarity with the people of Kashmir. After the first war broke out between India and Pakistan in 1947 over Kashmir and no fruitful results came out, India took the matter into the hands of United Nations Security Council on January 1, 1949. Immediately, a ceasefire was ordered between Indian and Pakistani forces. Indian forces took control of most of the area of Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan took control of the area what is now called as “Azad Kashmir” by Pakistan and Pakistan Occupied Kashmir” by the Indians. On January 5, 1948 UNCIP (United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan) further   provided further assistance in the matter by passing Resolutions that the future of Kashmir will be decided by holding a fair and impartial plebiscite. However, both countries failed to stick to the resolution due to a difference in the interpretations of the procedure for plebiscite.

To provide relief to the Kashmiris over the Kashmir India Conflict, in 1951, first post independence elections were held; United Nations passed a resolution that such elections could not be a substitute for plebiscite as in plebiscite a Kashmiri is given full right to choose between Indian or Pakistani authority. Sheikh Abdullah won in these elections but he did not remain fair to Kashmiris and mostly remained with the Indian authorities. All his actions and political moves were related in favor of Indian Union. In 1953, Indian and Pakistani Governments agree to appoint a neutral Plebiscite Administrator by the help of United Nations by the end of 1954.

The services of United Nations to solve the Kashmir India Conflict continues when on 30 October 1956, UN passed a resolution in response to the State Constituent Assembly decision of declaring Kashmir as an integral part of Indian Union. It was declared in the resolution that such resolutions could not decide the future of authority over Kashmir.

Since then, United Nations is providing aids, assistance, and guidance in all the major matters to support the Kashmir India Conflict.  Once again elections were held in 1989 in Kashmir but as they were not justified they give rose to an insurgency in Kashmir. India has also provided some visual proofs to United Nations that these militants are controlled by Pakistan which led to an immediate cessation of some terrorist organizations which Pakistan thought to implement in future. Further in 2008, elections were again held which were declared fair by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Despite the efforts of United Nations to solve the Kashmir India Conflicts, it cannot be resolved until Both India and Pakistan mutually try to solve without considering their own benefits and thinking about Kashmiri people also. The untiring efforts of United Nations seem to be endless, yet there is a question whose answer is still undecided.


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Kashmir India Conflict and the Popular 1989 Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir

on Monday, August 13, 2012

Kashmir India Conflict

After the 1987 State Legislative Assembly elections, some of the results proved to be disputed. Kashmir India conflicts reached to elevated levels when a wave of insurgency begun in 1989. The insurgency resulted in the formation of militant wings in Kashmir, called as Mujahidin, and is still present in Kashmir. India is of the view that insurgency occurred because of the Afghan Mujahidin who entered the Kashmir Valley after the Soviet- Afghan War. Pakistan claims that the insurgency did not begun because of Afghan Mujahidin as they have not left Afghanistan until 1992, three years after the insurgency. Some Kashmiri leaders of different movements like Kashmiri Liberation Front, in Kashmir demanded a separate and independent Kashmir. Pakistan insists that these insurgents are Kashmiri citizens and not from Pakistan.

As a consequence of Kashmir India Conflicts, India claims that these insurgents are from Pakistan administered Kashmir or from Afghanistan and they want Jammu and Kashmir to become a part of Pakistan. India further claims that Pakistan is providing arms and giving training to the terrorists groups in Kashmir. India also asserts that these terrorist are killing many people in Kashmir and are creating a violation of Human Rights and refuse that Indian military is responsible for violations. Indian Government further states that militancy is declining now in Kashmir. In a visit to Pakistan, the present Chief Minister of Kashmir declared that these militants fight in the name of Islam.

Pakistan claims that these insurgents are not from Pakistan and Pakistani Government name them as Kashmiri Freedom Fighters. Pakistan has declared to give moral and ethical support to these insurgents while India argues that they are Pakistani supported terrorist from Pakistan administered Kashmir further precipitating the Kashmir India Conflict. Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, in an interview to the Washington Post, called the Kashmiri separatist as “terrorist”. These comments of Zardari evoked a rage of anger in Kashmiris as some of them even defied the curfew by the Indian army in order to burn him to death.

Mirwaiz Umer Farooq, the pro-separatist leader, in 2008, in an interview told the Washington Post that there are peaceful movements like “purely indigenous, purely Kashmiri” are also going on along with the insurgency in Indian occupied Kashmir since 1989. It began in 1987 when the elections were proved to be disputed, and was created for the same reason as the insurgency.

In 2011, 2156 bodies of innocent unidentified Kashmiris were found buried in 40 graves over last 20 years by the state human rights commission. According to the security forces, these bodies were of the dead militants who came from India  and they also claim that some of the ts bodies are of those people who have crossed Pakistan occupied Kashmir to become militants. 574 of them were identified as “missing Locals”, killed by militants, by the state human rights commission. The Kashmiris consider Indian Government and Military for the insurgency of 1989 in Jammu and Kashmir as it form the basis of militancy in Kashmir.


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History of Kashmir India Conflict

on Thursday, August 9, 2012

History of Kashmir India Conflict

India and Pakistan partitioned in 1947. With that partition Kashmir was also partitioned with a major of two-thirds going to India and a third going to Pakistan. The basis for Kashmir India Conflict were laid when the ruler of princely state of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh, was also given the right to decide to merge with India or Pakistan or to remain independent within certain boundaries. Although the ruler of Kashmir was a Hindu the population was of Muslims. On partition, Pakistan expected Jammu and Kashmir to be annexed to it because of majority of Muslim population.

Kashmir India Conflict rise to heights when in October 1947, some Muslim activist from western Kashmir and tribals from Dir entered Kashmir. They have the intention to free it from the cruel Dogra rule and rulers. Maharaja Hari Singh was not able to withstand the invasion and he decided to sign the instrument of Accession to India on 25 October, 1927. After annexation of Kashmir to India, some Pakistani tribesman and Muslim revolutionaries from western Kashmir invade the Baramulla sector of Kashmir. Maharaja was helpless and he asked India to interrupt into the matter. However, the two nations, India and Pakistan, have decided that they will not intervene into each other matters through agreement of non-intervention. Maharaja desperately needed assistance from India when some Pakistani tribesmen reached Srinagar.  As Maharaja has not officially handed over the state of Kashmir to India, Indian authorities could not send military assistance to him. India insisted that military assistance could only be provided if Maharaja completes the ceding of Kashmir to India. Immediately, an agreement was signed between Lord Mount Batten and Maharaja and military assistance was provided by India.

Due to Muslim majority, Pakistan demanded that the region of Kashmir should belong to them. In lieu of Kashmir India Conflict, the first Kashmir was fought between India and Pakistan in 1948 until India moved the issue to United Nations. Immediately, a resolution was passed by United Nations to call a ceasefire on Pakistan to withdraw all its military forces from Kashmir. The resolution further also stated that Pakistan has no right to hold military in Kashmir but India can retain a minimum military presence in Kashmir and the final disposition of the State Of Jammu and Kashmir will be decide through a fair and impartial plebiscite under the authority of United Nations. Although the Indian and Pakistani governments agreed to hold the plebiscite but Pakistan did not withdraw its troops from Kashmir. India further makes the conditions more violent by distancing itself from the decision of plebiscite.

To solve the Kashmir India Conflict, over several years United Nations passed four new resolutions revising the plea for holding the plebiscite including the withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian soldiers from Kashmir. Further, UN arbitrators have forwarded 11 different propositions to remove both Pakistani and Indian troops from the region. Pakistan accepted all but India rejected them. After all these efforts of UN, still the future of Kashmiri people and the alluring land of Kashmir is to be decided!


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