Egypt has been facing many political problems over the last few years. The conflicts and violence began when there were protests against the government of Hosni Mubarak due to injustice and harassment. After him, the army council took command and they did not have the intention to rule for a long period, and preferred the civilian government. Then elections were held, but the lower parliament declared that they were illegal. The army council dissolved the lower parliament in which most of the people were Muslims and they favored Mohammad Morsi as their new president. There were also many controversies over the selection of Morsi: Many people, especially the secular and liberal-minded, were against him.

This political conflict generated a few clashes and there were protests against him. In a clash between the supporters and protesters, about 66 people were injured and one was killed. The people protesting against him thought that the president’s policies were the same as those of Hosni Mubarak, their ex-president. The supporters of the president began to protest against the high court and also blocked the judges from entering the building by surrounding it. This step prevented the judges from drawing up the nation’s constitution and dissolved the shore council – the upper house of parliament. The judges decided not to work unless this physical and psychological pressure stopped. They also declared that day to be “a dismal, black day” in the history of the judiciary.

A day before violence erupted, the president announced that the referendum for the constitution would be held. This led the people to the streets, both for and against him. The believers in human rights are against the referendum system as it is the only inconsistent, ambiguous, and flawed plan for voting. But this announcement of holding the constitutional referendum brought a positive change in the Egyptian stock exchange market. There was a rise of about 2.5% in only 15 minutes, earning 8.2 million dollars (5 billion pounds). The president had discussed drafting a system for civil, gender, and religious rights, and a justice system. The United Nations also advised reconsidering the draft according to international human rights. Now, the whole nation of Egypt is protesting against the new president and they want him to leave the country. The protests are becoming stronger day by day. The army has taken steps to stop these protests and thousands of people have been killed as a result. The new president of Egypt is not ready to accept the demands of the opposition.  Therefore, this condition may become more serious in Egypt.

Who is responsible for this conflict and dispute in Egypt? The policies of the new president are responsible for this. The people of Egypt want to see a change in the policies. They want to eliminate the policies of Hosni Mubarak, their ex-president.

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It all began in 1987, the ongoing cold war between Israel and Palestine. Both countries started fighting for their rights to have an independent nation where they can live freely and practice their religion. Both countries have lost a lot but nothing compares to those losses suffered by the innocent Palestinians. The conflicts between the two sides are on borders, security, water distribution, protection of minorities and from Israel’s control over Jerusalem. Jerusalem is one of the delicate issues in this conflict and both nations want it as it holds religious importance to both Muslims and Jews. Even though Palestine has yielded to the Israeli settlement in the West Bank, Israel does not seem to be satisfied.

International human rights and The United Nations have tried to solve this dispute by putting up theories, solutions and agreements which all failed because in most cases Israel does not agree. All the treaties which have been signed was violated by Israel. Gaza is the strip in the west bank where most Palestinians have been settled. Even those who took refuge in this area face a non-stop hostile torture by Israel such as air raids. Now, many children lay mutilated in hospitals, or at least become orphans.

The people of Palestine are helpless before the power of Israel. Palestine does not have much arm resources and they don’t have much army militants. World reaction is limited to launching protests and boycotting Israelis products. Luckily, The foreign minister of Egypt has succeeded to reconcile them and they finally reached a cease fire agreement. What makes the situation worse is the support of President Obama to Israel. He condemned only the rockets which attacked Israel and said nothing about the Israeli forces that have killed hundreds of innocent people. Palestine is in war against Israel and USA at the same time.

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KASHMIR SITUATION

Kashmir dispute is an important international clash in the world. Now, it has become a core political issue between Pakistan and India. This dispute emerged in 1948 when Indian forces occupied some parts of Jammu and Kashmir without any reason. India claims to have signed an agreement with the then Kashmir Maharaja and this agreement is called “instrument of accession”. In this agreement, India stated that the Maharaja requested military help from India to crush popular insurgency. This claim of India was rejected by the people of Kashmir and Pakistan. There are certain doubts present regarding this agreement. The UN also has rejected this baseless claim of India. However, this great dispute is still unresolved due to some factors. Kashmir is a part of Pakistan according to the principle that was used to divide the Indian subcontinent by the British government. Therefore, this principle declared Kashmir part of Pakistan. However, India wants to resolve the Kashmir dispute on the basis of agreement “instrument of accession”. Both countries Pakistan and India consider Kashmir an important part of their boundary. The people of Kashmir want to go with Pakistan and they are against India.

India had submitted its complaints to the UN Security Council, but it was rejected. According to the Security Council, a plebiscite should be organized under some conditions. United nations has also reported that this right should be given to the people of Kashmir and their opinion is most important. However, as India is not ready to accept these terms and conditions this dispute is still unresolved. It is a fact that Kashmir is a major problem between Pakistan and India. The wars of 1965 and 1971 were only due to this dispute. The people of Pakistan and India are in danger due to this conflict. Both Pakistan and India hold atomic power; therefore, a war between these two countries may create severe problem in the subcontinent. It is very necessary to prevent it and the UN should play its role. The performance of the UN is not satisfactory in solving this dispute. The solution of this problem is only through talks between the two countries. The United Nations should also help in the settlement of this dispute as soon as possible. The people of the subcontinent are in danger until the end of the Kashmir dispute.

The Kashmir dispute is the symbol of failure of the UN. This case is unresolved due to the behavior of the Indian government. The UN should force India to join talks and solve this problem. This dispute should be solved on the basis of principle used by the British government in the separation of the subcontinent. There is no legal basis for the agreement – “instrument of accession” and the UN also has rejected this agreement. The solution of Kashmir dispute should done according to the wishes of the people in Kashmir because they have the right to join any country.

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United Nations are helping Kashmiri people through every thick and thins of their lives but still the freedom of Kashmiri people is a question which is yet to be answered

United Nations has expressed deep interest to solve the Kashmir India Conflict and has always shown solidarity with the people of Kashmir. After the first war broke out between India and Pakistan in 1947 over Kashmir and no fruitful results came out, India took the matter into the hands of United Nations Security Council on January 1, 1949. Immediately, a ceasefire was ordered between Indian and Pakistani forces. Indian forces took control of most of the area of Jammu and Kashmir and Pakistan took control of the area what is now called as “Azad Kashmir” by Pakistan and Pakistan Occupied Kashmir” by the Indians. On January 5, 1948 UNCIP (United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan) further   provided further assistance in the matter by passing Resolutions that the future of Kashmir will be decided by holding a fair and impartial plebiscite. However, both countries failed to stick to the resolution due to a difference in the interpretations of the procedure for plebiscite.

To provide relief to the Kashmiris over the Kashmir India Conflict, in 1951, first post independence elections were held; United Nations passed a resolution that such elections could not be a substitute for plebiscite as in plebiscite a Kashmiri is given full right to choose between Indian or Pakistani authority. Sheikh Abdullah won in these elections but he did not remain fair to Kashmiris and mostly remained with the Indian authorities. All his actions and political moves were related in favor of Indian Union. In 1953, Indian and Pakistani Governments agree to appoint a neutral Plebiscite Administrator by the help of United Nations by the end of 1954.

The services of United Nations to solve the Kashmir India Conflict continues when on 30 October 1956, UN passed a resolution in response to the State Constituent Assembly decision of declaring Kashmir as an integral part of Indian Union. It was declared in the resolution that such resolutions could not decide the future of authority over Kashmir.

Since then, United Nations is providing aids, assistance, and guidance in all the major matters to support the Kashmir India Conflict.  Once again elections were held in 1989 in Kashmir but as they were not justified they give rose to an insurgency in Kashmir. India has also provided some visual proofs to United Nations that these militants are controlled by Pakistan which led to an immediate cessation of some terrorist organizations which Pakistan thought to implement in future. Further in 2008, elections were again held which were declared fair by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Despite the efforts of United Nations to solve the Kashmir India Conflicts, it cannot be resolved until Both India and Pakistan mutually try to solve without considering their own benefits and thinking about Kashmiri people also. The untiring efforts of United Nations seem to be endless, yet there is a question whose answer is still undecided.

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Kashmir is a land blessed with the beauty of nature and beautiful people. Kashmir is are strong and hard working. The proof of them being strong and hard working could be figured out in a way that they are patient and tolerating the unfairness happening with them in Kashmir. After the separation of 1947, India became a union where as Pakistan came a dominion state with a dominion status. India believes that Kashmir is their part of land where as Pakistan states something totally opposite. What makes the Pakistan to have Kashmir is the majority of Muslims living in Kashmir. No doubt! It is a sold point but still due to the mishandling and misconceptions of Pakistani Government, Kashmir belongs to no one right now.

Just because of the laziness of the government, people of Kashmir are suffering to such an extent that their minds are ready for anything and this ANYTHING also includes, their deaths! Pakistan has a really small part of Southern Kashmir in which compared to the other areas Muslims are in majority and this area is known as “Azaad Kashmir.” The lives of the people living in Azaad Kashmir are way better than the ones living in the main areas of Kashmir. How can we forget China? What does China say? Does Kashmir belong to it? Thank God! It doesn’t ask for Kashmir or else it was sure that no matter how hard both of the countries fight for this beautiful land, the victory would have been China’s.

Talking about the economic situation of Kashmir so surely it hurts! It hurts because people alive and surviving over there are on that amount of food which not sufficient for a human. The economic situation of Kashmir is really poor because at the present moment, this place stands no where. Nor does Pakistan support it and neither does India support it.

As a whole, it is unpredictable to tell Kashmir will belong to whom. May be it becomes a completely independent state with separate government, rules and regulations. People of Kashmir are willing for the complete independent state which will give them a separate legal identification. Will Kashmir get separate legal identification? Let’s see!

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Hijab is the beauty of a Muslim woman. In Islam it is respectable for women to cover their head and body, so that no one can see her hairs and body shape. Wearing Hijab is the common practice by Muslim women but nowadays there is another issue coming in the notice and that issue is Hijab conflict in France. In France, a new legislation has been passed in which they banned the Hijab and all other religious clothing wearing by Muslim women in state schools. According to them, France has placed an stressed on secularism in present society and this outlaw will help to avoid the division of society into an ethnic group of people and encourage integration into French civilization.

This law is directly focusing the Muslim women Hijab and it is actually violating the international laws, which gives the rights to freedom of religion and expression. The hijab conflict in France is actually discriminating the Muslims and this discrimination came into existence after 9/11 because after that incident, the thinking of non-Muslims become changed about Islam and Muslims because they consider Muslims as terrorist and hate them. Such kind of law in France is another proof of hatred of Non-Muslims with Islam and their religious clothing.

It is the view of some people that this law is only enforcing in the schools so it may not have that much impact but it is totally wrong. Children learn things from the schools; it is the age in which each and every thing remains in the mind forever. If children are not allowed to wear Hijab in schools then obviously they would not wear Hijab in the future. They are actually targeting the younger generation to keep them away from Islam. In the other sense it is another way to keep Muslim women away from the education because those who would not be able to leave Hijab would prefer to stay at home and will not go to schools.

Hijab conflict in France breaks the heart of Muslims women because they consider that Hijab is like a covering, they feel their selves protected while wearing Hijab as well as it keep their selves shielded from the looks of the men and strangers but after this law has been passed, some girls have decided not to wear Hijab and some decided to stay at home.

Non-Muslims women are allowed to wear whatever they want; they can choose their own style of clothing because their dressing focuses on the revealing of their body parts not covering. But Muslims women are restricted to choose their style of clothing because the actual purpose of their clothing is to cover their selves and shield their selves. Such kind of laws should not be passed in any country because it stops people to practice their religion. Hijab conflict in France has already stopped many Muslim girls getting educated. Non-Muslims should think that Hijab is not an oppressive thing but a respectable thing and needs to be respected as well as everyone should give equal chance of practicing their own religion.

 

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Jawad Ahmad

I am 24 years old and i have done Masters in Business Administration (Finance) from a recognized university.
Right now i am doing freelancing and writing articles on different projects.

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After the 1987 State Legislative Assembly elections, some of the results proved to be disputed. Kashmir India conflicts reached to elevated levels when a wave of insurgency begun in 1989. The insurgency resulted in the formation of militant wings in Kashmir, called as Mujahidin, and is still present in Kashmir. India is of the view that insurgency occurred because of the Afghan Mujahidin who entered the Kashmir Valley after the Soviet- Afghan War. Pakistan claims that the insurgency did not begun because of Afghan Mujahidin as they have not left Afghanistan until 1992, three years after the insurgency. Some Kashmiri leaders of different movements like Kashmiri Liberation Front, in Kashmir demanded a separate and independent Kashmir. Pakistan insists that these insurgents are Kashmiri citizens and not from Pakistan.

As a consequence of Kashmir India Conflicts, India claims that these insurgents are from Pakistan administered Kashmir or from Afghanistan and they want Jammu and Kashmir to become a part of Pakistan. India further claims that Pakistan is providing arms and giving training to the terrorists groups in Kashmir. India also asserts that these terrorist are killing many people in Kashmir and are creating a violation of Human Rights and refuse that Indian military is responsible for violations. Indian Government further states that militancy is declining now in Kashmir. In a visit to Pakistan, the present Chief Minister of Kashmir declared that these militants fight in the name of Islam.

Pakistan claims that these insurgents are not from Pakistan and Pakistani Government name them as Kashmiri Freedom Fighters. Pakistan has declared to give moral and ethical support to these insurgents while India argues that they are Pakistani supported terrorist from Pakistan administered Kashmir further precipitating the Kashmir India Conflict. Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, in an interview to the Washington Post, called the Kashmiri separatist as “terrorist”. These comments of Zardari evoked a rage of anger in Kashmiris as some of them even defied the curfew by the Indian army in order to burn him to death.

Mirwaiz Umer Farooq, the pro-separatist leader, in 2008, in an interview told the Washington Post that there are peaceful movements like “purely indigenous, purely Kashmiri” are also going on along with the insurgency in Indian occupied Kashmir since 1989. It began in 1987 when the elections were proved to be disputed, and was created for the same reason as the insurgency.

In 2011, 2156 bodies of innocent unidentified Kashmiris were found buried in 40 graves over last 20 years by the state human rights commission. According to the security forces, these bodies were of the dead militants who came from India  and they also claim that some of the ts bodies are of those people who have crossed Pakistan occupied Kashmir to become militants. 574 of them were identified as “missing Locals”, killed by militants, by the state human rights commission. The Kashmiris consider Indian Government and Military for the insurgency of 1989 in Jammu and Kashmir as it form the basis of militancy in Kashmir.

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India and Pakistan partitioned in 1947. With that partition Kashmir was also partitioned with a major of two-thirds going to India and a third going to Pakistan. The basis for Kashmir India Conflict were laid when the ruler of princely state of Kashmir, Maharaja Hari Singh, was also given the right to decide to merge with India or Pakistan or to remain independent within certain boundaries. Although the ruler of Kashmir was a Hindu the population was of Muslims. On partition, Pakistan expected Jammu and Kashmir to be annexed to it because of majority of Muslim population.

Kashmir India Conflict rise to heights when in October 1947, some Muslim activist from western Kashmir and tribals from Dir entered Kashmir. They have the intention to free it from the cruel Dogra rule and rulers. Maharaja Hari Singh was not able to withstand the invasion and he decided to sign the instrument of Accession to India on 25 October, 1927. After annexation of Kashmir to India, some Pakistani tribesman and Muslim revolutionaries from western Kashmir invade the Baramulla sector of Kashmir. Maharaja was helpless and he asked India to interrupt into the matter. However, the two nations, India and Pakistan, have decided that they will not intervene into each other matters through agreement of non-intervention. Maharaja desperately needed assistance from India when some Pakistani tribesmen reached Srinagar.  As Maharaja has not officially handed over the state of Kashmir to India, Indian authorities could not send military assistance to him. India insisted that military assistance could only be provided if Maharaja completes the ceding of Kashmir to India. Immediately, an agreement was signed between Lord Mount Batten and Maharaja and military assistance was provided by India.

Due to Muslim majority, Pakistan demanded that the region of Kashmir should belong to them. In lieu of Kashmir India Conflict, the first Kashmir was fought between India and Pakistan in 1948 until India moved the issue to United Nations. Immediately, a resolution was passed by United Nations to call a ceasefire on Pakistan to withdraw all its military forces from Kashmir. The resolution further also stated that Pakistan has no right to hold military in Kashmir but India can retain a minimum military presence in Kashmir and the final disposition of the State Of Jammu and Kashmir will be decide through a fair and impartial plebiscite under the authority of United Nations. Although the Indian and Pakistani governments agreed to hold the plebiscite but Pakistan did not withdraw its troops from Kashmir. India further makes the conditions more violent by distancing itself from the decision of plebiscite.

To solve the Kashmir India Conflict, over several years United Nations passed four new resolutions revising the plea for holding the plebiscite including the withdrawal of Pakistani and Indian soldiers from Kashmir. Further, UN arbitrators have forwarded 11 different propositions to remove both Pakistani and Indian troops from the region. Pakistan accepted all but India rejected them. After all these efforts of UN, still the future of Kashmiri people and the alluring land of Kashmir is to be decided!

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Yesterday a well-known US paper The Huffington Post published an article about the future US and China conflict in the Pacific ocean, saying that as the United States is determined to put its naval fleets to South China Sea to boost the morale of its anti-Chinese countries, it has also flared up temperature in Beijing, saying China is not doing substantial effort regarding human rights violations in China, while the response from the Chinese foreign office has been cautious. Whatever the United States may do, China is in no belligerent mood to take on the US anywhere in the world. In fact, China is not working on expanding its naval power, but on something more important and critical that is to disrupt command and control center’s communication and cyber espionage. This potential threat of paralyzing the US command and control center along with stealing the future military plans has raised eyebrows in the Pentagon. However, the most important question needs deliberation here where Islam and Islamic countries stand in this future conflict. Nobody has paid attention to this fact. If seen in the global scenario, we see that China has invested in every other Muslim country including Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan and above all Iran —the arch foe of the United States and Israel. Even Chinese textile is facing tough times by the onslaught of the imported and cheaper Chinese undergarment. This imperceptible occupation of the world market goes more in the favor of China than the United States.

Just take on example. Despite hectic efforts of the US officials and State Department China and India have refused to bring reduction in the Iranian crude oil imports. Several other countries also joined this bandwagon and now the US has been forced to issue a list of the countries have won concession. Singapore, a tiny island, may join this list soon. It means the US push to corner Iran might fail only because China along with India are not ready to do what US wants. Similarly, when the Islamic countries wills see that the US is hell bent on locking horns with China, it is likely that they might take on the US instead of confronting China as they have more stakes in China than in the United States.

The US policy of dividing Islamic world into two factions Sunni and Shia may also boomerang as it has badly failed in Libya where a ragtag rebel army took over Tripoli with the NATO backing, but ultimately it seems that Al-Qa’ida is well-poised to, if not in power, at least have powerful clout in the government. Same my take place in Syria if not all-out civil war and if Sunni hardliners prevail in this region, they will follow Salafites of Saudi Arabia which is not going to leave China as China has heavily invested in Saudi Arabia over rail projects and to allay the fears of the Muslim Saudi government has sent Muslim countries over there. Another important point is that China has no military presence in any country to invite the wrath of the Muslim countries, while the US and its agencies are meddling in every other Muslim countries; sometime bringing Spring and sometime other revolutions. It seems that the Shakespearean phrase “hoisted by his own petard” seems taking place, if the United States does not rectify its policies vis-à-vis Islamic world and Islamic countries and they will surely stand by China in the future Sino-US conflict.

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